How to be a better writer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

How to be a better writer - Essay Example Also, several books are available to teach these principles. Once the principles have been learnt, then one needs to develop vocabulary. Learning some new words on daily basis is a very good practice and causes one’s vocabulary to expand. This helps in writing because one knows what the exact word that should be used in a sentence to convey the meaning as one intends to be conveyed to the audience is. These days, dictionaries both in book form and those available online are very good sources of vocabulary building. Once sufficient vocabulary has been built, one should practice writing papers of each type. In the start, it will take time. But as time passes, one will develop speed and will be able to write more in less time. Also, the quality of writing may not be very good in the start, but as one practices more, the quality of writing starts to improve. One needs to practice writing daily to achieve

H&M Marketing Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

H&M Marketing - Case Study Example Fashion adopted by H&M is usually the one which is the ongoing trend in the society. It can be clearly seen through the massive budget allocated to the marketing sector that H&M is heavily dependent on the marketing campaign that they undergo. 4% of the revenues of H&M are allocated to the marketing campaign. Furthermore, in 2002 a top fashion legend was selected by the H&M to promote its products through marketing. The economical spending of the H&M management does not stand the marketing campaign as the management itself decides to spend a heavy amount on marketing campaigns. This shows that H&M is to a great extent marketing orientated and is heavily dependent on these approaches. Ans2. The efficiency/effectiveness matrix is a tool used by businesses to categorize companies according to their success in strategies and implementation. H&M can be categorized into the 'Thrive' cell of the effective/efficient matrix. The 'Thrive' cell in the matrix usually denotes organizations which are successful in forming and implementing strategies. Similarly H&M shows a sign that it belongs to one of these organizations because of its rapid growth and success. The strategy pursued by them is of the kind which adopts recent approaches to meet the demands of the society. The rapid growth which the company is going through shows a sign of the company thriving in the business sector. It has expanded from a small outlet to 900 garment shops all over the world. And it is known to top the list in terms of expansion with its other competitors. The effectiveness of H&M can be seen in the implementation of the strategies and the efficiency of this effectiveness is also great. Strateg ies pursued by H&M are different from their other competitors and most of the emphasis in these strategies is on pricing, marketing and fashion designing. H&M has incurred great profits in the years and thus best suits in the category of 'thrive'. Ans3. Customer value forms an important aspect of the strategies formed in the business world today. Firms give importance to this very aspect when forming strategies to give the customers a product or service which they desire with a better deal. H&M is known to provide customers with a better deal as required by the customer value. Customers of H&M are highly satisfied with the products they are getting as these products are according to their needs. Not only the desires are being met but also the price at which these desires are being met is exceptional. The designing section of H&M is known to be travelling through out the world to pick up the recent trends in fashion and implement them in their fashion industry. Pricing is marked as an important criterion in the firm as it helps to attract customers towards it. Prices of the H&M products are known to be very low comparatively with other brands. Their motto is a clear sign on their stand on pricing strategies according to the new fashion trends. H&M also makes sure that new trends in fashion are quickly picked up by their designers and provided to the customers. A particular design in the H&M outlets would not be seen for a longer time as it would be removed with the newer fashion designs. Furthermore the same design if provided by other brands would be comparatively higher in price so the customer value is highly considered by the management of H&M. The cheap prices and the latest apparel in

Belgium Chocolate Industry Essay Example for Free

Belgium Chocolate Industry Essay First introduction is when Spanish conquistadors met Azctec king. 1585 first recorded shipment from veracruz to Sevilla, Spain and spread to Europe from there. The first recorded shipment of chocolate to Europe for commercial purposes was in a shipment from Veracruz to Sevilla in 1585. [17] It was still served as a beverage, but the Europeans added cane sugar to counteract the natural bitterness and removed the chili pepper while retaining the vanilla, in addition they added cinnamon as well as other spices. In Spain, it quickly became a court favorite. In a century it had spread and become popular throughout the European continent. [26] To keep up with the high demand for this new drink, Spanish armies began enslaving Mesoamericans to produce cacao. [27] Even with cacao harvesting becoming a regular business, only royalty and the well-connected could afford to drink this expensive import. [28] Before long, the Spanish began growing cacao beans on plantations, and using an African workforce to help manage them. [29] The situation was different in England. Put simply, anyone with money could buy it. [30] The first chocolate house opened in London in 1657. 30] In 1689, noted physician and collector Hans Sloane developed a milk chocolate drink in Jamaica which was initially used by apothecaries, but later sold to the Cadbury brothers in 189715] For hundreds of years, the chocolate-making process remained unchanged. When the Industrial Revolution arrived, many changes occurred that brought about the food today in its modern form. A Dutch familys (van Houten) inventions made mass production of shiny, tasty chocolate bars and related products possible. In the 18th century, mechanical mills were created that squeezed out cocoa butter, which in turn helped to create hard, durable chocolate. 32] But, it was not until the arrival of the Industrial Revolution that these mills were put to bigger use. Not long after the revolution cooled down, companies began advertising this new invention to sell many of the chocolate treats we see today. [33] When new machines were produced, people began experiencing and consuming chocolate worldwide. [34] At the end of the 18th century, the first form of solid chocolate was invented in Turin by Doret. This chocolate was sold in large quantities from 1826 by Pierre Paul Caffarel in Italy. In 1819, F. L. Cailler opened the first Swiss chocolate factory. In 828, Dutchman Coenraad Johannes van Houten patented a method for extracting the fat from cocoa beans and making powdered cocoa and cocoa butter. Van Houten also developed the so-called Dutch process of treating chocolate with alkali to remove the bitter taste. This made it possible to form the modern chocolate bar. The German company Jordan Timaeus sold the first known chocolate bar made from cocoa, sugar and goats milk in 1839. [35] In England, the company,J. S. Fry Sons discovered a way to mix some of the cocoa butter back into the Dutched chocolate, and added sugar, creating a paste that could be moulded. This led to the first British chocolate bar in 1847, followed in 1849 by the Cadbury brothers. Wikipedia In most cases, the answer will be: chocolate – surprisingly or not. But when and how did Belgium become synonymous for top-quality chocolate? The history of Belgian chocolate reaches back as far as the 17th century, when the country was ruled by the Spanish, whose explorers had brought cocoa back from South America. At the time, cocoa was enjoyed as a luxury drink for the royals, nobility and artists who visited the royal courts in Brussels. Interestingly, the story of Swiss chocolate can also be traced back to Brussels. In the late 17th century, Henri Escher, the mayor of Zurich, visited Brussels and fell in love with the cocoa drinks he was served. He was so over the moon that he introduced the idea to Switzerland. Three centuries later, Switzerland remains Belgium’s main competitor when it comes to chocolate. In the centuries that followed, chocolate became increasingly popular amongst a wide public, but it took until the second half of the 19th century for Belgium to truly indulge in its passion for chocolate. Under the rule of King Leopold II, Belgium colonised Congo, where it found its own unlimited cocoa supply. This put Belgium right at the heart of the cocoa trade. Back in Belgium, in 1857, Jean Neuhaus (funnily enough of Swiss origin) had opened a pharmaceutical sweets shop in Brussels, where he also sold bars of bitter chocolate. The first chocolate shop was born. Some 60 years later, it was Neuhaus’ grandson who invented the praline when creating an empty chocolate shell with a sweet filling. So, what makes Belgian chocolate so special, so very delicious and in a league of its own? The secret is two-fold: ingredients and process. Of course, the origin and orientation of the cacao plantation, as well as the roasting of the beans all help to determine the flavour. But the main reason for the pure and full cocoa flavour is the fact that no vegetable shortening is used. Belgian chocolate traditionally mixes cocoa paste, sugar and cocoa butter in varying proportions. Dark Belgian chocolate uses the most cocoa; milk chocolate mixes in milk; and white chocolate is made be extracting only the butter from the cocoa. On the other hand, there is the process, which to date is steeped in tradition and craftsmanship, and still holds a hint of secrecy.

Volkswagen Groups Strategy And Automobile Industry Marketing Essay

Volkswagen Groups Strategy And Automobile Industry Marketing Essay The MQB platform is an automobile platform of the Volkswagen Group. The companys strategic program or plan of the business is known as Strategy 2018 plus it is designed to produce the Volkswagen Group globally innovator in the 2018. By developing a standard, compatible list of parts from which to produce a number of automobiles, VW intends to reduce the overall time, which is normally taken to construct a car by 30%. One of the ways of judging the position of specific industry is evaluating by Porter five forces model. MQB will permit an enormous financial savings because of economic climates of scale as well as that the financial savings will permit the higher utilization of high durability products in automobiles, which makes them less dangerous and well made. Key words: automobile industry, MQB platform, strategy, economy of scale, Porter Introduction: The Volkswagen Group is located in Germany and is particularly among the worlds top automobile suppliers as well as the leading automobile company in the Europe. The Group comprises 10 brand names and every brand features its own character and functionality as a separate entity in the marketplace. The companys strategic program or plan of the business is known as à ©Ã‹â€ Ã‚ ¥Ãƒ ¦Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ªtrategy 2018à ©Ã‹â€ Ã‚ ¥ plus it is designed to produce the Volkswagen Group globally innovator in the 2018. Volkswagen is currently striving to improve and enhance its product sale to be able to produce over 10 million automobiles annually, as well as to boost the return on product sales prior to tax to a minimum of 8%. To attain these objectives, the MQB system will be having a huge role. (Wiedemann, 2011) MQB Platform: The MQB platform is an automobile platform of the Volkswagen Group. It stands for à ©Ã‹â€ Ã‚ ¥Ãƒ ¦Ã‚ ·Ã¢â‚¬ ¢erman Modularer Querbaukastenà ©Ã‹â€ Ã‚ ¥ which can be translated into à ©Ã‹â€ Ã‚ ¥Ãƒ ¦Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ¢odular Transverse Matrixà ©Ã‹â€ Ã‚ ¥, with which Volkswagen Group can design a wide variety of transverse, FWD drive models by using the same set of components. Usually, each automobile platform is designed specifically for a market segment and is shared between cars of similar size. Volkswagen, is now creating shared modular platforms to serve the needs of its different divisions, thus the MQB platform is the most recent and will be used for vast market models with FWD cars. (Wiedemann, 2011) Together with the MQB platform the primary thins regarding improvement is the dimension that needed to be fixed between the firewall and the axles. The wheelbase, track as well as rear overhangs along with width all can be developed as needed in the style. The MQB will handle various models of Volkswagen. For instance, it handles the following designs: Gold, Passats, Jetta, Scirocco, Beetle, and VW CC. In the foreseeable future, most of these versions could theoretically be manufactured about the same assembly line as well as it will eventually be achievable to create MQB designs of various brand names collectively. The primary new automobiles to be created would be in line with the MQB is definitely the successor towards the Golf as well as towards the next generation Audi A3 models. (Wiedemann, 2011) By developing a standard, compatible list of parts from which to produce a number of automobiles, VW intends to reduce the overall time, which is normally taken to construct a car by 30%. Normally, the vehicles by VW normally have 40kg weight, which is lighter in weight as compare to the todays counterparts. One of the most notable attribute from the MQB is the standard placement of all new types of engines, which are helping as well as accommodating the two new series of 4 cylinder based family series. The Groups engine as well as the gear package variations within the MQB system will probably be lowered simply by 90% due to the brand new engines, and also the MQB allows the same mounting placement for all present substitute drive ideas from propane and for hybrid designs. (Wiedemann, 2011) Working with a standard placement for all kinds of engines as well as transmissions is definitely a huge advantage. It could be a diesel-powered engine, electric powered motor; plug in hybrid arrangement or even gas based engines, all may be fit evenly which makes it much more suitable. An unequaled performance can also be purchased with this uniformity in engine and in transmission. The predicted quantity of automobiles in the future with this particular brand new platform is around 3.5 million which includes modest automobiles as well as normal sized sedans, also for the success of this project of VW will spend billions of dollars. Improving the automobile plants towards MQB system will certainly incur a large amount of price but concurrently itll reduce the price of manufacturing by almost 20% and reduce the assemblage times by a remarkably 30%. (Horrell, 2011) One of the ways of judging the position of specific industry is evaluating by Porter five forces model. According to this theory, there exist five major forces in industry that determines the overall profitability of that industry. Grundy (2006) stated that porter five forces model has boosted strateigic management to the new horizon of management world. (Grundy 2006) New Entry Threat Throughout this automobile production business, this is certainly a minimal threat. Issues to look at in this threat contain all hurdles to accessibility in market. For example, advance investment capital, brand equity, regulation and state policies, and capability to deliver the merchandise (Porter, 1996) .As the Volkswagen is one of the leading and famous manufacturers of automobile, so they have no threat of entry of new company. They are already the biggest automobile manufacturers in Europe. Moreover, in case of automobiles, customers usually prefer there trusted brands and companies. Volkswagen is one of the leading automobile manufacturers so they have less threat of any new entry in the market. Moreover, they are continuously focusing on product innovation that is why they have less risk from any new company entering in market. (Porter, 1996) Vendors Bargaining Power The bargaining power of vendors is also a major factor. It means that exactly how strong could be the position of your vendor. Exactly how much the vendor has influence over raising the rates of products? Vendors tend to be stronger if vendors are focused as well as properly organized, a small number of alternatives available in the market to products, their particular goods is usually most reliable or distinctive and you are usually not a major client to Vendor. Whenever vendors possess extra control over products as well as its rates which segment is significantly less appealing. It is better approach to produce win-win relationship with vendors. It is wise decision to acquire multiple-options of supply (Avila, 2001). In the automobile industry, it is generally referred to the supplier of spare parts engine parts, car accessories etc. It also includes the auto-unions. The vendors can charger high prices for the supplies as the VW MQB platform is a new reform in automobile industry so suppliers can charge extra amount. In order to avoid this problem, the company has to look for multiple suppliers for their machinery and raw materials. Strong vendors can increase the rate of their products that eventually increases the cost of industry. In this competitive market, the high vendor bargaining power can cause some serious damages to the Volkswagen. (Avila, 2001) Alternative products If customers can examine to the level of competition or some other similar products and services, and switch quickly there could possibly be a great danger of this particular force. Because of brand new motors, the particular switching cost is actually huge due to the fact a person will not be able to sell the brand new motor vehicle for the similar amount, he paid for it (Grundy A. N., 1997). The beginning of MQB is predicted to take the entire Volkswagen Group one single level nearer to their aim to become the particular worlds number-one motor vehicle producer, overtaking Toyota as well as General Motors. Therefore, Volkswagen group will face fewer chances that their customer will switch to some other cars. Innovation in products is the key element of Volkswagen success. There new MQB platform will help Volkswagen to produce more innovate motor vehicles and they can save up to 25 percent cost. These cost effective innovate motor vehicles will persuade customers to buy the Volkswag en products. (Grundy A. N., 1997). Market Competition Market competition means the level of rivalry between the current competing firms already in the market. Level of competition relies upon on how many competing firms and their functionality. Market competition is higher when: à ¨Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ¯ Generally, there are usually number of limited or similar competing firms and significantly less whenever there is a definite industry leader. à ¨Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ¯ Buyers have less switching costs à ¨Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ¯ Market is developing à ¨Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ¯ Exit obstacles are higher and competitors stay and also remain competitive à ¨Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ¯ Fixed expenses are huge resulting massive manufacturing as well as decrease in prices These types of scenarios create the grounds for advertising and marketing wars, improvements, price wars and eventually rates increase and it is challenging to remain competitive (Mahan McGowan, 1998) All top manufacturer of automobile faces that kind of problem. The automobile industry is growing rapidly in European countries and like all other car manufacturers, Volkswagen has to face tough competition in market from existing competitors. Volkswagen is facing a tough competition from General Motors and Toyota. Though Volkswagen is considered as the leading automobile manufacturer in Europe, it still faces intense competition from its rivals. The MQB will definitely enables the Group to create both high-quantity as well as niche versions at the maximum quality as well as incredibly competitive prices in the long run and also world wide-vehicles which are separately designed for the needs of extremely diversified industry like as America, China, Europe and also growing markets like India. (Mahan McGowan, 1998) Negotiating Power of the customers Customers refer to the particular buyers who ultimately acquire the product or service or even the companies who deliver the particular industrys product or service to your final customers. Negotiating potential of customers refer to the actual ability of customers to cut down the price levels charged by companies in the market or raise the firms expense in the market by asking for improved quality as well as service of goods. Strong customers can get revenue from of a market by reducing the selling prices and raising the costs. They will buy in huge amounts. They have complete details regarding the product or service and the market. They will stress on high quality products and solutions. They pose credible threat of backward integration. In this way, they are regarded as a threat (Thurlby, 1998). Literature Review: In February, 2012, Volkswagen intends to make majority of their technology designs with its all-new MQB System and it is such a sensible decision, which will certainly provide enormous economic advantages to the company. Moreover, it is revealed that Audi as well as Skoda will be manufactured on the same platform; the initial product example of this platform is in fact Audi A3. On the other side, the next generation Skoda is coming in the market by the ends of 2013, which will be entirely based on the VW and MQB platform. Exactly the same platform may also be used by the near future versions of the additional VW Soda, Polo and VW Vento. On the other hand, VW Polo coming from MQB platform, the Skoda of 2014 will be having the same size however will provide an extended wheelbase, therefore enhancing the room interior. Furthermore, the Skoda Fabia, of 2014 will likely to have a gasoline engine alternative along with80 BHP power as well as 1.2 Liter displacements. (Volkswagen group intro ducing, 2012) The MQB system platform, referred to as à ©Ã‹â€ Ã‚ ¥Ãƒ ¦Ã‚ ¸Ã¢â‚¬Å"ong termà ©Ã‹â€ Ã‚ ¥ structures, the working platform is adequately flexible to underpin automobiles like small Polo and for big sized Passat. Most importantly, it is being declared that these types of designs could theoretically be constructed on a single manufacturing range. This will likely allow Volkswagen to generate additional high size along with market automobiles at lowered costs. The working platform may also be lighter in weight than present architectures and permit for standard installing of gasoline as well as diesel-powered engines. (Volkswagen group introducing, 2012) On 2nd February, 2012 it was declared that the brand new platform is placed to appear under each of the brand new Audi and VW versions in the future years, which is more likely to come in some more. Were able to anticipate probably a manufacturing edition of previous years Cross Coupe idea. (Colwell, 2012) Volkswagen declares the platform of MQB simple as à ©Ã‹â€ Ã‚ ¥Ãƒ ¦Ã‚ ¸Ã¢â‚¬Å"ong termà ©Ã‹â€ Ã‚ ¥ structures, made to manufacture products just like Polo, to a family automobile to as large as the Passat. Developed to be lighter in weight than each of the brands present similar systems, the MQB will even provide diesel, petrol, as well as several renewable energy power locomotives. The very first versions to come out on the brand new platform would be the fresh 7th era Golf, as well as the latest Audi A3 with sedan. (Colwell, 2012) Also, on 26th march, 2012, on VW annual income headline, it was exposed that the business produced à ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ã‚ ¢9.3 billion throughout the year of 2011, up greater than 50%, Michal Macht, the panel fellow member responsible for group manufacturing, mentioned: à ©Ã‹â€ Ã‚ ¥Ãƒ ¦Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ­he following 2 to 3 years are great for all of us, and during this period we plan to maintain the technological innovation to ourselves. We dont want to reveal our superiority; however in the moderate to long-term were able to promote the technological innovation. We might need to consider the possibilities and examine whether or not they made impression.à ©Ã‹â€ Ã‚ ¥ (Colwell, 2012) VW Group reports to create a lot more than 6 million vehicles to the platform throughout VW, Audi, Seat and Skoda brand names by way of 2018. the chief of Volkswageon, who was simply offered a à ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ã‚ ¢14.2 million reward for the companys achievement, recently, stated the investment decision within the MQB framework would start to pay back coming from 2014. Winterkorn predicted the fact that the VW has expended close to à ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ã‚ ¢50 billion dollars over 4 years inside the establishing and employing the MQB system. (Holder, 2012) à ©Ã‹â€ Ã‚ ¥Ãƒ ¦Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ­he brand new Golf has to be huge leap and much better than the vehicle it replaces, à ©Ã‹â€ Ã‚ ¥Ãƒ ¦Ã‚ ¸Ã¢â‚¬ °e stated. à ©Ã‹â€ Ã‚ ¥Ãƒ ¦Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ²e have spent greatly in this particular technological innovation, however were confident the advantages is going to be obvious for the business. Making the MQB system as well as organizing the production facilities to generate it needs spending in 2012 and also 2013, however from then on the repayment should begin to come.à ©Ã‹â€ Ã‚ ¥ (Holder, 2012) Additionally, there are many brand names, much more sections, plus more automobiles ever is probably no more apparent than inside the Volkswagen, along with its Ten marquees as well as more than 200 models throughout the world. VW is currently making shared lift-up systems to assist the requirements of its various subsidiaries. The most recent is known as MQB. (Holder, 2012) In future, the platform of MQB will help in almost everything through the small VW up to the giant Passat. Generally virtually any VW Group product which supports its engine sideways right in front from the cabin will probably be MQB, thats about 60 vehicles. Volkswagen intends to go ahead and take platform idea towards the extreme, even though it wont reveal particular minimal and optimum proportions, however to obtain a great idea of the array we could examine it to the present Passat (it isnt constructed using the MQB system platform, however its equally sized alternative will probably be) there is in fact a 15 inches of wheelbase speared, however the actual width varies up to the 8 inches between two, and also the size variation is more than 50 inches wide. Therefore, its very diverse. (CarWale Team, 2012) MQB can nearly be looked at as the best development of certain component sharing, instead of just one particular system. It really is flexible enough to allow for several elementary components to be made from lightweight aluminum through communizing all of the subsystems in the automobile (motors engines, headgear installation factors, as well as MIB, Volswageons flip-up infotainment technique, for instance), generation and growth can be more efficient and therefore revenue could be at the maximum. Moreover, the platform MQB is based on a brand new system that signifies a lot more than the usual framework which can be modified to be used in the wide selection of products. Volkswagen referred to as it à ©Ã‹â€ Ã‚ ¥Ãƒ ¦Ã‚ ¸Ã‚ ¢he central source of light as well as safe automobilesà ©Ã‹â€ Ã‚ ¥. It goes with supplying a chassis which can be extended or reduced to suit various automobiles, to just one that gives its electric cabling, motors, as well as air-conditioning devices, and trans forming. (Volkswagen is leading, 2012) In the coming future, the development of MQB is anticipated to create the Volkswagen Group one stage nearer to its objective to become the worlds leading auto producers. As outlined by Macht, the brand new MQB system platform will certainly make use of typical elements throughout Volkswagens various brand names as well as products however it will even standardize the production sequences throughout products along with worldwide production places. Even though identical strategies to standardization along with modularization are already implemented by rivals of Volkswagen, in the past the company has struggled hard to have control on the marketplace. (Mike, 2012) Findings The MQB system enables the VW group to create globally higher quantity as well as market versions at very competing price in the long run. The MQB makes use of synergies within key technology as well as enables higher financial systems of scales with the manufacturing line. This would be the groundbreaking part of the auto growth and manufacturing. By using MQB system, VWs development and progression could be efficient and income can be at the maximum. All automobiles depending on MQB tend to be 40kg lighter in weight compared to their quick predecessors, this leads to increasing the gas mileage coming from all MQB-based versions. (Sathiyanarayanan, 2012) The recent MQB idea is having a main architectural benefit for VWs within the worldwide auto business, letting it to decrease the price and become more competing on costs. With this way it may gain share of the market from (TM) Toyota Motors and (GM) General Motors to turn into the worlds biggest auto producer. Due to the MQB system, versions additionally gain in performance and satisfaction. MQB enables the VW Group to create both higher volume as well as specialized niche products with the best quality and very competing prices in the long run and throughout the world. (Bidsar, 2012) MQB will permit an enormous financial savings because of economic climates of scale as well as that the financial savings will permit the higher utilization of high durability products in automobiles, which makes them less dangerous and well made. The standardization will even lessen the price of production of elements and offers capability of sourcing. The decrease in the price of procuring signifies that Volkswagen can offer functions and products of high quality vehicles in low budget automobiles. The MQB system based automobiles will probably be both competitively priced and also with the price at the same time. Furthermore, it will likewise be packed with functions compared to the different brands coming in the market. (Bidsar, 2012)

Franklin and Theodore Roosevelt Essay -- American History Presidents E

Franklin and Theodore Roosevelt Throughout the ages there have been many great leaders. These leaders are powerful in many ways, with a strong control over the people, and a place in history. But who would have guessed that two cousins would be some of the greatest government figures ever? Franklin Delano Roosevelt and Theodore Roosevelt, both American presidents, both American Heroes. Without these dignitaries, the American advancement into the present day would be incomplete and/or impossible. They gave people hope through hard times and the spirit to protect their country and one another. â€Å" S p e a k s o f t l y†¦ C a r r y a b i g s t i c k † Theodore â€Å"Teddy† Roosevelt was born into a rich New York family in 1858. His childhood was filled with sickness. He soon became interested in wildlife and nature. In 1880 he graduated Harvard. Happy with his new accomplishments he took on a wife, Alice Lee Roosevelt. Unfortunately, his mother passed away on the same day as the marriage. Heartbroken, Roosevelt moved west to the Dakota territories to hunt and explore. His first marriage was over soon afterwards. A few years later he ventured to Paris, France were he met his second wife. Back in America the Spanish- American War for the Southwest was in formation. Roosevelt, wife and all, headed back home. Enlisted and prepared, Roosevelt headed South. On the path to victory, Roosevelt met up with Leonard Wood, together the created the Rough Riders Regiment (RRR). In 1898,the RRR, under the control of Roosevelt and Wood, lead the battle against San Juan, Puerto Rico to come out victorious. Both men returned home to a hero’s welcome happy to be alive. It was the dawning of the 20th century. William McKinley was President and Roosevelt: Vice President. Under McKinley, he learned about the responsibilities of being a president. Suddenly without warning McKinley was shot and killed. In 1901, at 42 Roosevelt became the youngest president to serve office. He disagreed with how the nation’s economy was being controlled by Big Business. In his term he set about â€Å"trust busting† by initiating some 40 lawsuits against big businesses. It was said once that while hunting, Roosevelt came upon a bear cub. Despite the demands of his hunting partners, Roosevelt refused to kill the cub. This story touched the heart of millions. Soon cartoon strips, newspape... ...ld War II. During the war years he had not appeared often in public, but during his campaign for a fourth term in 1944 many who saw him said that he looked pale, thin, and old. The election, which resulted in his victory over New York Governor Thomas E. Dewey, was a strain on the president. In the early spring of 1945 he went to Warm Springs, Georgia, in an effort to recapture his flagging energy. There he died of a massive cerebral hemorrhage on April 12, 1945. In conclusion I believe that Franklin Delano Roosevelt had a greater impact on the American Society than his cousin, Theodore Roosevelt. FDR did so much in his lifetime as president that without someone like him to get us through hard times like the Depression or World War 2, and supply new improvements in the way life is conditioned. We wouldn’t be as successful as we are today. Theodore Roosevelt was also a great man, I am not saying otherwise. But FDR has the addition of four presidential terms. In fact being the only president to carry out four terms he created the cause for the 22nd amendment even after death. In turn with the addition of these two men in history we have not only changed the world but ourselves.

The Persons Responsible for Health and Safety in the Workplace Essay

The Persons Responsible for Health and Safety in the Workplace Identify the persons responsible for health and safety in the workplace. Roles are Responsibilities of Employers. Every employer should ensure, the health, safety and welfare at work of all their employees. Bellow are the areas the employer should protect the employees from, without prejudice: * To provide and maintain areas of work that are, safe and without risks to health; * To ensure, minimal risk when, handling and transporting objects; * To provide the necessary information, instruction, training and supervision to ensure, the health and safety of their employees at work; * And to insure the place of work is maintained in a condition that is safe. Every employer needs to prepare and keep an up-to-date written statement of health and safety at work. They should also make sure all employees note the statement and, any revision of it. Roles are Responsibilities of Employees. Every employee while at work shall: * Take care for the health and safety of them self and of other persons who may be affected by their acts or actions at work; and * Co-operate with their employer or any other person in charge, to see that the requirement to be performed are meet with. Roles and Responsibilities of Management. The management’s main responsibility is to ensure the health and safety of workers and to reduce risks caused by work activities, to employees ...

Osmosis lab Essay

The Measurement of the Rate of Osmosis by using â€Å"Deshelled† Chicken Eggs (Effect of Solute Concentration upon Rate/Degree of Osmosis in Chicken Eggs) Introduction Every cell needs a mechanism that it uses in the maintenance of a constant internal environment. This is important in the control of the ever changing external environment to the cell. The transfer of materials to and from the cell thus needs a very stable mechanism to achieve this status. Cells are therefore bound a membrane that acts the selective controller of the movement of different substances to and from the cell. This is especially when dealing with the solutes both to and from the cell. Some solutes must be allowed to move into and out of the cell depending on the need and urgency of the very solutes. This membrane is considered to selectively permeable to different solutes and thus will only allow the passage of specific solutes to and from the cell. This implies that the membrane to most cells is selectively permeable or has a differential permeability to different solutes. Both the internal and the external environment to the cell are composed an aqueous solution that is made of dissolved organic and inorganic substances. The gradual or spontaneous movement of these substances in and out the cell are guided by a mechanism called diffusion. This is a movement by molecules to a region of lower concentration from that of higher concentration. A good number of studies have been used in the biology field that are related to the use and importance of such passive movements in the cells and the entire organisms. There exist a number of passive movements that are vital to the functioning of several organisms. These include movements like diffusion, osmosis and others. However, the paper will be pegged onto the factors related to osmosis. The experiment will try to underscore the importance of osmosis using the shelled eggs cells. This will also encompass the effects of several salt concentrations to the egg cells. Research Questions The paper tires to answer a number of questions related to osmosis. First, it seeks to understand and illustrate the importance of osmosis to the cellular life of an organism. It will also seek to underscore the vitality  of the osmosis process to the mode of transport in the egg cells. It will go ahead to explain the relevance of different solutions to the eggs cells. It then explains the role and importance of osmosis to the tissues and cells in the body. When dealing with osmosis, we use several terms. These are the hypertonic, hypotonic and the isotonic. These are used in relation to the relative concentrations of such solutions to the cell sap being investigated. Curtis defined these terms as illustrated below. Hypotonic is the solution that contains a low concentration of the solutes particles. Water will always move away from the hypotonic solution. In a typical cell, the hypotonic solution becomes the reference point or the control in the experiment just like in this experiment. This implies that the solution has lesser particles in comparison to that of intracellular space. The hypertonic solution on the other hand, refers to the solution that contains higher concentration of particles. It refers to the solution that has a higher concentration s compared to that of the intracellular space. Water will always move across the semi permeable membrane into the hypertonic solution in the cellular setting. This simply implies that the hypertonic solution has more concentration of the particles than the intracellular space. Finally, the isotonic solution contains the solutes with the same concentration as those of the other solution in comparison. When these two isotonic solutions are separated by a semi permeable membrane, then there will be a net flow of water across the membranes. Research Hypothesis It is right to pre-empt that the eggs cells will react to the different solutions used in the experiment. This will be in the three different ways discussed above as hypotonic, hypertonic or isotonic solutions. The solutions will have a relative concentration in comparison to that of the eggs cells sap. Materials and Methods Part I: Effect of the Solute Concentration Each group of students were given 2 chicken eggs from which the shell had  been dissolved away. The remaining membrane that was the shell membrane was considered to be differentially permeable. Each egg was assumed to have approximately the same concentration of solute in the membrane. Based on the rate of osmosis, the experiment attempted to determine what the concentration must have been. Each egg was then weighed separately to the nearest 0.1g and results recorded the weights in a Table at time â€Å"0.†Each egg was again placed into separate beakers containing solutions of either distilled water (0%), 10% sucrose, 20% sucrose, 30% sucrose, 40% sucrose and an unknown sucrose solution. At 15 minute intervals that is after 15, 30, 45, 60, and 75 minutes, the eggs were removed from the beakers. They were then carefully wiped off all excess water; and again each egg weighed separately. Record the weights or masses were then recorded and weight changes placed in the Tables. Plot the changes in weight of each of the eggs were then plotted against time in a graph as shown in the results section. Several questions were then answered based on the results obtained. Which solutions would you say were hypotonic to that of the eggs? Which of them were hypertonic? Isotonic if there were any? What would you expect to happen if an egg was put into a sixth beaker containing a 50% sucrose solution? Results Graph 1: Weight of Eggs versus Time Graph 2: Change in weight of eggs versus Time Graph 3: Last Minute versus Sucrose Concentration The osmotic pressure in the cells and tissues usually take the same function and illustration as those in vivo tests. This process is usually attained through the use of some controls in the experiment with known concentrations. The relativity of the solutions could then be detected using a very simple comparison exercise just like illustrated above. Both the vitro and the vivo tests take the same parameters in such experiments. This implies that the same results will be viewed if such experiments are carried out on mammalian cells like the shelled eggs cells used in this experiment. The fluid under test could be hypertonic, hypotonic or isotonic to the cell sap of the eggs cells used in this experiment in one way or the other. Just as illustrated in the introductory part of this paper, the hypotonic is the solution that contains a low concentration of the solutes particles. Water will always move away from the hypotonic solution. In a typical cell, the hypotonic solution becomes the reference point or the control in the experiment just like in this experiment. This implies that the solution has lesser particles in comparison to that of intracellular space. The hypertonic solution on the other hand, refers to the solution that contains higher concentration of particles. It refers to the solution that has a higher concentration s compared to that of the intracellular space. Water will always move across the semi permeable membrane into the hypertonic solution in the cellular setting. This simply implies that the hypertonic solution has more concentration of the particles than the intracellular space. Finally, the isotonic solution contains the solutes with the same concentration as those of the other solution in comparison. When these two isotonic solutions are separated by a semi permeable membrane, then there will be a net flow of water across the membranes. Discussion From the results in the section above, it is important to underscore the vitality of the biological membranes in the system of most organisms. It is clear that all biological membranes are indeed semi permeable to specific solutes. This implies that they are selectively permeable to water molecules and other important solutes in the functioning of such organisms. However, their great importance comes in when they are impermeable to several other solutes in the body that are neither important to the cells nor the tissues of the body. These solutes that are impermeable to the biological membranes include solutes like the charged molecules that include ions of Na, K, Ca and Cl. The isotonic solution used in this experiment contained 30 % sucrose and this acted as the control to the experiment. The concentrations below this concentration of the isotonic solution were considered as hypotonic and  these incl.ude the 10 and the 20 % sucrose solutions in the experiment. The other concentrations that were above this isotonic value gave the hypertonic solutions and this was the 40 % sucrose solution. Water molecules moved from the hypotonic solution to the inside of the eggs cells to make them swell and become larger and even a god number of these cells were burst due to the excess osmotic pressure built by the effect of the hypotonic solution. The eggs cells that were placed in the isotonic solution never gave any visible change in their form and structure as the concentrations for the solution and that of the cell sap were similar and equal. Those eggs cells that were placed in the hypertonic solution became flaccid. This was due to the movement of water molecules out of the cell into the hypertonic solution. Indeed, the solution in this case increased in volume as opposed to the hypotonic solution that reduced in volume. Conclusion In a nut shell, the experiment proved successful as the objectives of the practical were met to the letter. The hypothesis also proved valid and in line with the objectives. It implies that the different concentrations of sucrose used in the experiment gave varied effects to the cell sap of the eggs cells. The practical clearly demonstrated the effects and process of osmosis to the eggs cells. It also demonstrated the importance of different solutions to the functioning of the cells and tissues in the body of mammals. This was in response to the process of osmosis in the body.