Betrayed by My Best Friend Essay

Betrayed by my best friend, the more I thought about the title the more I decided that it was time to write about the betrayal that cost me so very dearly. She entered my life in August of 1978 with her three children, she rented the apartment on the other side of the old farm house my former husband and I had purchased. I was still young and naive then, and overly trusting. I thought she and her sons would be a blessing instead she used that friendship to betray me and my daughters. My former husband was cheating on me: I knew that much I just had no idea that he was cheating with two different women at the same time. One woman he got pregnant and married the other was my best friend or so I thought. I first became suspicious when I discovered she knew exactly where my former husband hid his cigarettes and alcohol. I ignored those clues; I just could not bring myself to believe she was having sex with my former husband. She knew we were having problems and even told me at one point she would gladly testify in the divorce trial if she were needed. I told her of coarse she was needed; I had to prove he was cheating on me and that he was continually abusive to me and my daughters. Imagine my surprise when she reneged and refused to testify. She had been dating a friend of mine and while I was visiting she was also there. She could not even look me in the eye but still being as naive as I was I pursued the subject with my friend who finally told me that she had indeed been having an affair with my former husband. I remember sitting and crying all I wanted was to know why, what had I done to deserve this? She never did answer me but my daughter recently told me what happened after I finally left. Apparently she was supposed to be cleaning the house and doing the grocery shopping since my former husband did not think that his children needed food. When the divorce trial became a reality, she not only would not testify on my behalf, she would not answer her phone. My attorney told me that if she was called to testify, she would be a hostile witness and possibly harm my case more than it was already harmed. My former husband’s attorney was the assistant District Attorney who happened to play golf with the presiding Judge. On the advice from my attorney she was not called, I lost my daughters to my former husband; he was working and had a good income. I was working at a minimum wage job, so the Judge decided that my daughters would be better off with their father. The girls were abused by their step mother; their father knew what was happening to them but ignored them. My best friend’s betrayal not only cost me my daughters, it cost me precious time with my daughters that I can never regain. I am no longer bitter where she is concerned, she is not worth it. Betrayal is the hardest thing to deal with because it involves not just friendship but trust. I sometimes wonder what happened to her after the trial, I would like to see her again one day and ask: â€Å"why did you betray me?†

Ruskin Bond

Religious Strain in the story Angry River By Abha Sirohi Research Scholar, A. K. P. G. College, Hapur (Ghaziabad) †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Ruskin Bond attempts to analyze human psychology in his short stories; He deals with the elemental and impulsive life of man. He tells the stories objectively and beyond all these things his stories shows goodness of man’s heart and his faith in the Supreme power.He has innate power to produce the influence of one’s emotions, sounds and sights that thrills the senses of other man; it is due to his profound faith in God. As a writer he has put goodness of man and dignity of human self ab ove all considerations this is the reason sometimes our heart is filled with pleasure and a sense of spiritual satisfaction. Ruskin Bond is a writer of children and when we talk about children a sense of innocence creeps over our mind.The bent of mind of the author takes it in a religious way; he wants to show us innocence of nature, the basic decencies of God. God creates and nourishes us with innocence without any partiality, in return He needs only our dedication, but most of the times we ignore this fact due to our business, our careless attitude:- â€Å"in worrying about own distress, they had forgotten about the island, in the middle of the river. The river was very angry now, rampaging down from the hills and thundering across the plains†¦ 165 Ruskin Bonds children stories are very famous in all over world. Some of his popular stories are Blue Umbrella, Untouchable, Panther’s Moon, Time Stops at Shamli and Angry River. The story Angry River portrays the work of n ature. How nature affects our lives? What He (God, the Supreme power) wants from us? How should we treat and preserve the nature. The story is a pathetic description of a family of remote area, where no one can imagine about survival.The Angry River is the story of a girl Sita who lives with her grandparents on a lonely island in the middle of a river. The story illustrates the life in the lap of nature, which is a symbol of simplicity and naturality. Bond has narrated the opening lines of the story in a very beautiful way:- â€Å"In the middle of the river, the river that began in the mountains of the Himalayas and ended in the bay Bengal there was a small

Black Rook in Rainy Weather Essay Example for Free

Black Rook in Rainy Weather Essay I an infrequently lost for words. I like to think of myself as quite an eloquent and articulate speaker and writer, but there are times when I feel neither. It is ironic that the very subject of this poem, a lack of words, or rather a lack of inspiration, is exactly what is holding me back from writing the things I would like to write. Although I know how this poem makes me feel and I know the emotions it conveys, I cannot bring myself to write about them or to speak about them, I simply cannot find the words. Each time I read the poem a rush of thoughts dash through my mind, so quickly that I cannot recollect them in time to consider them in the detail they deserve. This poem deserves consideration, thought, analysis, it deserves appreciation and admiration, because it describes exactly how even the most expressive and eloquent writers are sometimes at a loss for words. Although the poem is a metaphor and is about many things that lie deep beneath the surface of the words, it is beautifully written even in the most literal terms. Plath uses adjectives to describe every object, every movement of the poem, ‘stiff twig’, ‘spotted leaves’. She uses many other poetic devices, such as alliteration in the lines ‘rare, random’, ‘walk wary’, ‘so shine as to seize my senses’ and personification in the lines ‘mute sky’ , ‘minor light may still lean incandescent’. The poet also uses short phrases broken by commas to increase the tempo of the poem and to give it a rushed feeling. However, these poetic devices are not simply used to embellish a purely literal piece of writing. They are used to demonstrate the beauty of the mundane, the magnificence of the ordinary. The poet says ‘I do not expect a miracle or an accident’ which suggests that she is content with the mundane and can see it’s splendour. But as the poem progresses we see that she could not survive on the ordinary, but needed to express herself in her poetry and needed inspiration to do so. Though Plath tries to persuade herself she survive on the ordinary and the imple, it is obvious that desire for inspiration, ‘the angel’, are the only things that can make these mundane situations bearable. She contradicts herself when she states that ‘miracles occur. ’ She contradicts her previous idea that there is beauty in the ordinary and instead describes moments without inspiration being similar to ‘trekking stubborn through this season of fatigue’ . This suggests that during these periods of time she is not living, but barely surviving. Her entire life depends on the moments of inspiration, ‘for that rare, random descent. ’ She is a poet, and her survival depends on her writing. She can only express herself through her writing, and without it, without her inspiration, she feels nothing. This nothingness, this lack of inspiration is to her far worse than the feelings of depression she felt constantly throughout her life. Her ‘fear of total neutrality’ consumes her and scares her. This ‘fear of neutrality’ refers not only to writing, but also to life in general. If one feels nothing, if life is constantly similar to ‘trekking stubborn through this season of fatigue’ then there is no reason to live in the first place. Life is a constant wait for inspiration, for meaning, for purpose, and often this purpose does not appear. Plath realises, unlike many others, that without purpose, without inspiration, there is no beauty in the mundane. Without ‘that rare, random descent’ of an ‘angel’ there is little reason for life at all. Black Rook in Rainy Weather. (2017, Feb 05).

Career paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Career paper - Essay Example ic installations, preparing the software and testing it for the processing of documents, distribution of software, planning and scheduling of the project milestones for timely delivery of the project, software troubleshooting, determination of the time for management escalation, being up-to-date on the latest enhancements made to the software. The Systems Consultant may be required to provide support on call in the off hours. They also carry out on-site field testing as well as analysis of results at the facilities of the client. Growth opportunities for an individual with a degree in Information Systems are plentiful in the present age. From the year 2010 to the year 2020, the projected growth in employment by 18 per cent is faster than average whereas the average salary of an Information Systems Technologist ranges up to $52,000 that is also above average (Diploma Guide, 2013). Skills required of a Systems Consultant include experience with integrated 3rd party applications, hardware, and operating systems. Experience in providing technical implementations may also be very useful for the entry-level

Logics Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Logics - Term Paper Example Brow includes the three theories by Professor Rich Savin- Williams which has given a totally different flavor to the article. These theories are used to understand why the concept of gay and lesbian has become so widely accepted today. He blames it on the openness that exists in the work and leisure environment today. Williams believes that since the gay and lesbian members of the community have openly accepted themselves as gays and lesbians, the other members of the society can do little to discriminate against them. The article moves on to describe a very controversial concept which deals with why only the men are accepting their gay nature so openly and why women are still conservative when it comes to this. Brow brings in what he calls the â€Å"ceiling effect† to describe this. Brow concludes that there is no philosophical reasoning to why men are more acceptable to such notions, it is just that men are catching up to women and there may be a time when tables turn over w omen. Towards the end, Brow also touches gay and lesbian marriages and says that even though such members are acceptable in the society; their open relationships are still not welcome in the US. Gay marriages are still a controversial topic in the US and Brow thinks that it would continue to be so until the next few years. Although Brow begins with a very instinctive approach towards gays and lesbians by stating that the topic that he has considered and the facts that he has gathered are â€Å"stunning† just to emphasize how magnificently faulty they are (Bergmann, 1997). It gives the reader a feel that Brow is not very happy with the notion of accepting such members in the society and particularly military in a free fashion. However, as the article proceeds, Brow changes his approach to be a more analytical one. He states theories by Professor Williams and he uses statistics and

Read the requirement i send you carefully---marketing Essay

Read the requirement i send you carefully---marketing - Essay Example Like market size, cost of work force and other potential factors are more favoring to industrialist to develop to business in China. However, there are some challenges too that industry developers have to face before starting the business in the market of China. Foreign players have to tackle with cost reduction and local competitors; these are huge challenges for any foreign player. In this we are going to discuss about analysis of electronic market of China with the help of PEST analysis and SWOT analysis of E-Commerce industry of China. PEST analysis of China’ market will aid the reader to understand about its strengths and weakness in aspect of political, economical, social and technological factors, these factors are external factors which aids to analyze e-commerce industry. In other hand SWOT analysis give a brief introduction of Taobao, is e-commerce company in China, so the readers will able to know about the internal’s strengths, weakness, opportunity and threats of the company. Political variables incorporate government regulations and lawful issues and characterize both formal and casual leads under which firm must work. Furthermore it is asserted that the political energy is presumably the most turbulent constrain in natures domain (Fahey & Narayanan, 1986). In the previous one decade, the Chinese government appends extraordinary imperativeness and center to the advancement of e-trade in the most crowded nation, for instance, on issuing the Summaries of the Middle/Long Term Science and Technology Development Plans of China and the Development of Information Industry Plans in the Eleventh Five-year and Long Plan in 2020 Years in The Ministry of Information Industry, the "provision of e-business stage innovation" has been recorded as a key point (Lili, 2011). In term of the lawful framework, the Chinese legitimate skeleton for e-trade is still in its incipient stage and has officially accomplished a few issues. China has restricted

The Relationship Between Reading and Success on 4th Grade Standardized Dissertation - 1

The Relationship Between Reading and Success on 4th Grade Standardized Tests - Dissertation Example 5: Annual Yearly Progress of Title i Schools in Georgia 2003 – 2008 20 Figure 6: Research significance 32 List of Tables Table 1: Map scores and their interpretations 8 Table 2: Relationship of Lexile and grade levels 12 Table 3: Lexile data from spring 2008 CRCT & GHSGT 13 Table 4: Grade level text and reader Lexile boundaries, median Lexiles, and Lexiles at test cut scores 13 Table 5: Median Lexile from CRCT & GHSGT by grade from 2006 - 2008 with text Lexile boundaries 14 Table 6: Progress report of NCLB 19 Table 7: America's Record of Achievement 19 Table 8: Annual Yearly Progress of... Percentage of students whose pass status was accurately predicted by their MAP performance using reported cut scores 25 Table 13: Estimated probability of scoring as proficient or higher on the state reading test in same season (Spring), by students grade and RIT score range on MAP reading 27 Table 14: 2010 Georgia CRCT Results for Appling County 40 Abbreviation of Terms Used AYP Adequate Yearly Progress CRCT Criterion-Referenced Competency Tests GHSGT Georgia High School Graduation Tests MAP Measure of Academic Progress NCLB Act No Child Left Behind Act NEAP National Assessment of Educational Progress NWEA Northwest Evaluation Association RIT Rausch UnIT Chapter 1: Introduction This chapter delineates an overview of the study to explore the relationship between reading and success on 4th Grade Standardized Tests. Beginning with a discussion on the background of the study with a local problem in an elementary school in Georgia, the section provides the basis of the problem and introd uces to the phenomenon under study, leading to the nature of the specific research question and development of the hypotheses on the present phenomenon. It then deals with the purpose of the study and the theoretical framework relevant to the study providing explanations of the operational definitions. Subsequently, it discusses about the bounds of the study indicating the scope and limitation and the assumptions made. The next section discusses the significance of the study explaining how this study can be applied to the local problems, professional applications, and brings about a positive social change. Finally, the chapter is summarized with key points of the study and an over view of the remaining chapters. 1.1 Background Studies have indicated that there is a strong positive

The Structuring of the Organization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Structuring of the Organization - Essay Example Establishing a successful car factory in the car industry must account for prior, current and possible future trends in the car industry. Planning and implementing a project that would make it possible to realize success in operations and performance must significantly counter or fundamentally actualize countermeasures of the possible problems that the car factory is likely to face, relative to the performance of the entire industry. In such a pursuit, leadership must be critically positioned in every aspect of the industry in order to minimize problem effects and enhance the success of the business. There are variant problems that the car factory would face in the industry, but leadership should be availed to combat all underlying problems. Different industries across the globe are characterized by stiff competition between the firms that make up such industries. Business enterprises within the industry setting engage each other in stiff competition for a significant market share that favors the continuity of the business aspects of every single enterprise (Robbins, Judge & Sanghi, 2009, p.218). The competitive advantage of a firm is determined by a number of factors, all of which are influential in the market. The objective to satisfy consumer needs is relative to product qualities and pricing policies. Consumer tastes and preferences must also be accounted for in the competition process since the ultimate concern is to be in business by engaging consumers to buy. High competition in the car industry is a problem due to the already established businesses in the same line. Existing firms are often preventative of the market, and they try to make the environment unfavorable for new entrants. Setting up a car factory cannot fail to consider this aspect of competition. In order to effectively tackle high competition problems, leadership practices etc.

Pornography Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Pornography - Essay Example However, when an individual’s action causes or is believed to cause harm unto others, then his absolute freedom ends. His right to total independence ends where the right of others to the same kind of liberty begins. The very moment an individual crosses the line that separates him from others, he loses his absolute liberty and must now comply with the rules and regulations imposed by society so that that all persons with liberty and freedom of thought and action may co-exist peacefully. These rules that prohibit certain actions or compel an individual to conduct himself within the prescribed manner are created not to interfere and diminish his liberties but to ensure that an individual, in the exercise of his liberties, does not cause harm unto others. Aptly, the principle of self-protection shall only be applicable to matters which involve the society and the individual. Society may only forbid or coerce an individual if the reason is to prevent him from harming others and n othing else. II. Mill cites other reasons to remonstrate, or reason, with someone that do not justify com ­pelling him. What are these? Under the principle of self-protection, the one and only reason to compel and control an individual against his will is to prevent him from causing harm unto others. ... These rules, according to John Stuart Mill are reasons to remonstrate an individual but do not justify compulsion. At most, other may only argue, persuade or plead with him to heed their advice but in no way shall he be compelled and coerced to obey. By the same breath, compelling a person to give up his absolute liberty over his own self on the argument that it is the right thing for him to do is also unjustified and does not merit obedience. Neither does an individual’s own happiness nor his own well-being serve as valid grounds that justify compulsion. Society may not impose its opinion on very subjective matters such as happiness and comfort upon an individual and in the process infringe upon his right to absolute liberty insofar as his own life is concerned. The key phrase here, therefore, is harm to others. For as long as a person does not and is not going to harm others, then the most that others can do is remonstrate with him but can never justifiably compel him. III. Are there any positive actions that benefit others that Mill thinks the state can at least sometimes compel us to do? The general rule is that a person may only be restrained or compelled for the sole purpose of preventing him from committing harm unto others. However, this rule is not absolute. John Stuart Mill recognizes some exception to the principle of self-protection. These exceptions exist on the basis that a person’s failure or refusal to act when it is his duty to do so may also be the cause of harm unto others. Actually, we can also take it as just a restatement of the general rule. To prevent harm and to benefit others in society, a person may be compelled to do certain acts even if it is against his will.

To what extent is musical taste governed by society Essay

To what extent is musical taste governed by society - Essay Example Through historical study of music, it is clear that music was thought as endanger to societal moral standards of Europe. However later it was realised that music also upholds a religious dimension and quality music has the ability to provoke suppressed religious feelings (McLeod, 1996, p. 17).In this paper, we would analyse music as a magnum opus in the context of historical, cultural and educational significance. How its evolution as an art, closely connected with various trends of our Western civilization Music in different stages has not only permitted but has enforced the application of the so-called 'historical method' which aims at describing the single work of art as a product of the creative mind of a composer or the creative tendencies of a school of composers who remain anonymous.History has reshaped internationally the outlook of music in this era and to many musicians it has harmonised the study and performance of music, therefore distinctive styles are disappearing. The past has also given us a unique concept of national identity that concerns not only the ways in which composers wrote their music, influenced by considerations such as tradition, function, social context and even language, but also its performance. Music has not limited itself to extending aspects of instrument construction and sound ideal. While considering an example of seventeenth century music in Italy, it is obvious that representation and excitation of the emotions fostered were quite contrary to earlier practice, involving emotional expression on the model of speech. Although the Italian language's free expression resulted in the music taking second place to the drama in opera, the unimaginative Italian style of presentation encouraged a trend towards virtuosity in instrumental music. With the passage of time, as Italian music adopted more formal manner of expression, its manner of presentation remained capricious and rich in fantasy (Lawson & Stowell, 1999, p. 43). This way one can see Italian music maintained its national identity, while modernising the social values of music. Music rhetoric Relationships that exist between different musical works enjoy composition among those parts. For example a theme is composed of tones and phrases; a work entails certain themes and is a discourse, of phrases (Frances & Dowling, 1988, p. 134). Since themes and work present as an approximate character of such relationships that has often been noted and attributed to a variety of reasons. First the reason that thought is external to language and that verbal thought can only designate objects and their relations while musical thought embodies its objects in tones on which it strictly depends. Second is the reason that verbal relationships, the ordering of propositions and the succession of phrases are of a logical order, whereas musical 'discourse' is of a perceptual order. What our contemporary society perceives music is the encompassing of activities implied in the comprehension of musical rhetoric to be connected with those of sensory intelligence. It is music that has enabled twentieth century psychology to contribute to the expansion of the domain of thought in the direction of perceptual organisation. For instance, thinking of 'events' and relate them to the source of elaborate activities is what music is perceived in this society however in those activities one can found biological factors of motivation, psychological activities, pathological aspects etc. Music, art and society Society has always attached great symbolic meanings and sentiments to music.

Surprise Under the Carpet at Northern Sigma Essay Example for Free

Surprise Under the Carpet at Northern Sigma Essay Based on the information generated by the interviews with the two different groups, what have you learnt about this plant? What I have learnt about this particular plant is the fact that the workers are not in harmony with each other. They also tend to assume things as per the behaviors of the other groups for instance the white male groups tend to think that or rather assume that these women and disadvantaged groups feel that not only were they left out of important task forces but were required to be ten times better than their white counterparts in order to be promoted (Robbins, et al. 2011). Midrand plant employees have no communication channels whatsoever with their senior management and this is rather obvious by the reaction seen on Peter Barnes once the results of the interview have been given. 2. What may have led to these problems? There are a number of factors that may have led to the problems currently being experienced in this plant for instance lack of motivation and training especially for women and disadvantaged groups, lack of proper communication channels and directions from the top management to the workers and vice versa as well as lack of conflict management skills (Robbins, et al. 011). It is clear that conflict exists between the workers thus resulting in poor performance. And despite the fact that majority of employers are highly educated there are no programs offered for enhancement of skills for these employees which makes them stagnant in a business world that is forever changing and in need of new and unique business skills (Robbins, et al. 2011). 3. What consequences are likely to emanate from these problems? Such problems as experienced by this plant result in a number of consequences for instance not being able to keep and maintain workers. Those already experiencing conflict within this plant are pressured into quitting as revealed from the interview results with the case of women and disadvantaged groups by the white male groups (Robbins, et al. 2011). Such companies also tend not to attract potential workers and this may be harmful for the company’s future success in as far as meeting its objectives is concerned. Organizational conflicts also result in low morale amongst the workers, reduced ollaboration, reduced productivity, passive or aggressive behavior and distrust (Robbins, et al. 2011). 4. Do you agree that Barnes should be responsible for these problems? Explain. I agree that Barnes should be responsible for these problems since he is the general manager having the responsibilities of not only hiring and recruiting of staff but also training process managers under him. A general manager is expected to encourage team members in their work as a way of getting the best output from them (Robbins, et al. 20 11). In this particular case, Barnes left the workers to do carry out the tasks without any particular supervision and expected results by the end of the day. He is not seen as having followed up any of his workers’ performance progress and that is why he is shocked at the results of the interview. An effective general manager must have leadership qualities to be able to lead and direct his workers (Robbins, et al. 2011). 5. What specific recommendations would you offer to Barnes to improve the management of diversity at the plant? As a way of improving the management of diversity at the plant, Barnes should first and foremost consider establishing a conducive working environment where all workers can work in harmony with each other without feeling discriminated or overworked (Robbins, et al. 2011). He should also create equal opportunities for both groups of workers where women and the disadvantaged groups can feel that their contributions are taken seriously in group projects. Clear communication channels should also be established in order for the workers to feel comfortable enough to open up and share their opinions, doubts or ideas regarding projects or the management of the company. This is especially so in the case of the Asian group whose members were considered difficult to understand and very secretive (Robbins, et al. 2011). In this way, Barnes will better manage this diverse workforce and experience better results the next time such an interview is conducted.

Secret River Context Essay Essay Example for Free

Secret River Context Essay Essay â€Å"There is some good in the worst of us, and some bad in the best of us. When we discover this, we become less prone to hating our enemies† once deliberated Martin Luther King jr, a key figure in the American Civil rights movement, and a man that constantly strived for equality in racial-fuelled disputes, a key aspect of that being understanding when to and when not to engage in such dissension. His teaching can be instilled into the majority of conflicts faced in day-to-day life, and how crucial the choice can be when deciding whether or not to interfere. Many people adopt the ‘avoid conflict at all costs’ stance, removing themselves from any discord no matter how large the consequences may be. Admirable as it may be to some, to completely avoid confronting conflict without first evaluating the seriousness of it is simply cowardice, and a complete disregard for the ingrained ethical code branded into humans. Some disputes are so significant, perhaps proving to be seminal for the development of history that neglecting involvement in them could be detrimental for, depending on the scale, mankind or as narrow as personal failure. Like many countries penetrated by colonial influences, Australia’s history has been marred by its handling the indigenous, the rightful owners of the land, and the failure to engage in the dispute by major governmental figures left a stain on the development of a nation that preaches equality and liberty. Sometimes, engaging in conflict doesn’t even mean expressing despotic actions on others as it is so often associated with, but instead could be as simple as confronting a home truth that was growing in significance as time went by, as is seen in the story of Vincent Lingiarri, member of the Aborigine tribe the Gurundji. As portrayed in Paul Kelly’s ballad â€Å"From Little things, Big things Grow†, Lingiarri and fellow members of his tribe worked on Wave Hill cattle station for an â€Å"English lord Vestey†. Yet the false claiming of sacred Aboriginal land propelled Vincent to lead a workers strike at â€Å"Wattie Creek† in August 1966, where the song depicts Lingiarri defiantly declaring to the English â€Å"We’re sitting right here/ Til we get our land†. Despite the valid plea to remove the terra ullis or ‘land of no-one’ brand from the country and return portions of it back to the original inhabitants, the Australian government refused to involve themselves, and looked the other way, hoping the issue would sort itself out. â€Å"Eight long years of waiting† transpired of defiant protest from the Gurundji, and despite Prime Minister Gough Whitlam’s attempt at reconciliation, in which the iconic image of the white man passing the vibrant red earth into the leathery, black palm of Lingiarri was taken, it wasn’t until the Mabo decision of 1992 that the land was returned to the rightful owners. This gap of 26 years of pure ignorance and callousness has permanently stained the history of the proud country, due to the inability of the supposed leaders of the country to reconcile, and engage in conflict that they preferred to leave alone. Yet dispute between the Aborigines and the settlers have always been present, as seen in Kate Grenville’s didactic novel â€Å"The Secret River†, as she loosely explores the brutal perforation of English Colonists in the later 18th century. In her historical fiction, Grenville explores protagonist William Thornhill escape from a brutal, industrialized London to seek a new life in the apparently greener pastures of Australia’s east coast. Yet upon arrival, Thornhill discovers tension to be nigh in the desolate land, and a fear of the unknown permeates the frightened arrivees, as he admits that despite owning a hundred acre property, it â€Å"no longer felt quite his own†. His inner drive to provide unconditional safety for his wife and children ultimately pushes his into a state of immorality, as he complies with the group mentality and participates in the massacre of the Aborigines, failing to heed Blackwood’s thought that to coexist with the natives, one must â€Å"give a little, take a little†. While William does engage in conflict, it is the greater of two evils. Had he strayed from the norm, resisted the urge to keep all that he wanted and sided with Blackwood to protect the Aborigines, it would be the desired outcome for his inner being. Yet he conforms, aids in the mobs mass murders and the fate of his character is set to be defeated, his avoidance of the larger conflict at hand leaving him with the misunderstanding â€Å"why it did not feel like triumph†, and the loss of his youngest son Dick who â€Å"would not† look him in the eye anymore. As Thornhill discovers, the easy option to take, the one that only benefits a minority will prove to be the one that renders people worthless, yet it is the harder option, the one that will pave the way for others that will prove the strength of the mettle in one’s being. In the face of dissension, how one performs offers insight into their moral code, and should they resist the ill-fated temptations of easiness and self-satisfaction, they will end out on top. In conflict, the old adage â€Å"the pen is mightier than the sword† often proves to be true. Gao Xingjian, a Nobel Prize winner for Literature operated in a tense Chinese climate polluted by Communism, which he described as â€Å"question of survival†¦ The atmosphere was so poisoned. People even in your own family could turn you in†. His statement proved to be truthful, as when writing allegorical accounts of the toxic environment he lived in, he was forced to burn a suitcase of manuscripts during the ironically titled Cultural Revolution out of fear of prosecution, as art was seen to be a threat to the Communist concept. The sane thing to do, the simple thing to do was to stop his controversial pieces, yet he opposed this, and continues to wage his dispute with his own country and fled to France to continue writing stories of brave heroes fighting against a prejudicial and ignorant political system that still subjugates 2 billion people. Thus his courageous dedication to the occupation he loves, feeling obligated to provide the world with information on the oppressive times as he believed â€Å"under the mask of fiction the truth can be told†, a belief that Grenville acutely followed. The admiration of the one that stands up against the burning tension of conflict is magnified, especially in the case of Bant Singh, a man whose courage, trepidation and loyalty should be shared with everyone to display true morality. Singh, an Indian farmer from the Dalit tribe, commonly looked upon as less than dirt to the hierarchal social system of India, fought against forces seemingly unstoppable for familial love, demonstrating how conflict must be addressed in some circumstances. When his 14 year old daughter was raped by two wealthy landlords, Bant did not do as many Dalit’s before him would have done, accepted the monstrosity and moved on. Yet he did stand up, and went for legal action against the two men. They quickly offered him a bribe that would secure the financial future of the family, yet he refused, advocating e would â€Å"not put a price on [his] daughter’s honor†. Days later, Bant was set upon by men with axes and steel rods, who attempted to beat him to death. Yet he made it to hospital, where gangrene took both of his legs and left arm. Sing saw the two men responsible go to jail for life; his war waged proving successful as justice was restored and the social separation in the country is beginning to wane. Singh’s battle is testament to the fact that not every fight can be ignored; some are so imminent that they must be addressed or the results will linger and effect future circumstances. Conflict, the consuming beast will continue to claim the souls of those who cannot persevere its burning glare. Yet those who oppose it, confront it with the correct intentions will be exposed as true heroes of human society, as Bant Singh will forever be. As legendary war general Napoleon Bonaparte once promoted â€Å"The people to fear are not those who disagree with you, but those who disagree with you and are too cowardly to let you know†, summising that those who avoid dissension that must be addressed will never be respected.

Principle Of Material Balance With Chemical Reaction Biology Essay

Principle Of Material Balance With Chemical Reaction Biology Essay The aim of this report is to make use of the principal of material balance with chemical reaction so to able to find out the yield, conversion rate and rate of reaction for the batch process. The hypothesis made in this experiment was when the concentration of sodium hydroxide decreases, the conductivity values also decreases. The steps for conducting this experiment are to prepare the reagents first. Then allow the reaction between the two reactants sodium hydroxide and ethyl acetate to mix together for reaction. Take note of the time and draw graphs of the reaction and finally find the yield of the reaction. There are two conditions to be studied in this case and it can be determined by the group itself. In this report, the concentration used is 0.01M of ethyl acetate and 0.02M of ethyl acetate solution. The yield calculated was that yield was higher in 0.02M of ethyl acetate compared to 0.01M of ethyl acetate. The rate of reaction is higher also in 0.02M of ethyl acetate solution based on the steepness of the graph. This is because as more molecules react with each other, more product will form at the same time and therefore in average, more product are formed at the same time and hence rate of reaction increase. However, the conductivity value was higher in 0.01M of ethyl acetate compared to 0.02M of ethyl acetate. This happened as more NaOH is being reacted with 0.02M of ethyl acetate solution. When this occurs, the conductivity value decreases as NaOH is a best conductor of electricity among the reactants and if the concentration decreases, the conductivity values also decreases and vice versa. Overall, the hypothesis made and the aim made for this experiment is correct and it also follows the law of material balance with chemical reaction. iii 1. Introduction Background Literature In the process industry, maximizing the yield is important as not only it save cost of production, but also bring more profits to a company. However, maximizing the yield is closely related to the conversion of units and rate of reaction. This is because with the help of the two factors, then maximizing yield could be done possible (Singapore Polytechnic 2009). Much time were set apart in this area at the industry to adjust the factors to optimum factors for the maximum yield it can have. Beside maximum yield, maximum reaction is also required between the reactants. Reaction rate is especially important in the industry as there is a need to know exactly what is the required time needed for the reaction to be complete. It can be calculated by finding the rate of the reaction is going at a constant time and multiply against the amount of reactants used. In this experiment, the main objective is to look at the saponification of sodium hydroxide and ethyl acetate solution to form the desired product sodium acetate. Overall, the whole experiment wanted the students to get prepared for the fundamentals of material balance with chemical reaction through the reaction between the reactants to get the final product. 1.2 Aim The aim of this experiment is to study and determine the yield, conversion and reaction rate of the starting reagents sodium hydroxide and ethyl acetate. It helps the students to know how to calculate the yield. 1.3 Hypothesis In this experiment, the main objective is to find out the relationship between the concentration of NaOH and the conductivity values. According to the theory, as the reaction of ethyl acetate increases, conductivity values will decrease and vice versa. 1 2. Theory 2.1 Introduction of Theory In this case, material balance deals with chemical reaction where students associate the product and the reactants. Material balance states that reactant that goes in to react must come out from the system as a product. The law of material balance also states that a system must, by conservation of mass, either leave the system or accumulate within the system. (Wikipedia 12 Dec 2009) The reactants used are sodium hydroxide and ethyl acetate by processing it batch wise in a reactor to produce the desired product sodium acetate and the by- product ethanol. 2.2 Saponification Saponification is the hydrolysis of an ester under basic conditions to form an alcohol and the salt of an acid This term is normally associated with the reaction of an alkali (normally metal) with a fat compound to form soap. However, only certain lipids that contain ester linkages can undergo hydrolysis. This reaction is also catalyzed by a strong acid or base. (Wikipedia 12 Dec 2009). The alkali that is going to be used is sodium hydroxide solution and the ester that is to be used is ethyl acetate solution. After it had reacted, it will form the product sodium acetate. In the past, saponification also refers as soap making as the properties of the reactants is about the same only with the exception that fats or oil is used instead of the ester ethyl acetate. 2.3 Batch Process Batch process is an operation where a fixed amount of reactants are being fed into the reactor. It is an unsteady state process where the flow rate of the system is not proportional to the time taken to flow. So therefore, the rate where sodium acetate where it is formed is not constant and the rate of accumulation are also not constant. Accumulation consists of either the reactants which had not been used up during the reaction or the product that are being left inside the reactor. The product will stop producing if any of the reactants is used up. The reactant that is being used up first is the limiting reagent. Normally, limiting reagent is the more expensive reagent. Because it can save up cost of production as it is considered wasteful if there is any expensive reagent not used up. Ethyl acetate, being the more expensive reagent, will be the limiting reagent in wise. There are also two equations relating to the batch process. Final Output-Initial Output = Generation Consumption If there is no reaction, Initial Input= Final Output (Product=Reactants) (Singapore Polytechnic 2009) 2 2.4 Conductivity Conductivity is a measure of an electrolyte of its ability to conduct electricity. (Wikipedia 2009) The S.I unit of conductivity is Siemens per metre (S/m). Conductivity measurements are usually used in many industrial and environmental applications. This is because it has been proven as a fast, inexpensive way of measuring the ionic content of a solution. For example, the measurement of product conductivity is done so by tracing the performance of the water purification system under close monitor. In many cases, conductivity is linked directly to the total dissolved solids (T.D.S). High quality deionised water has a conductivity values of about 5.5 lS/m, drinking water is in the range of five-fifty mS/m while sea water is about 5 S/m. The reason why sea water has such high conductivity because of the ionic compounds dissolved in it and all of them are conductor of electricity. The most basic compound dissolved in seawater is table salt, Sodium Chloride. For this experiment, the result that is required is the conductivity of sodium hydroxide solution after reacting with ethyl acetate for a certain period of time. The amount of time set for the reaction is twenty minutes and it can be adjusted accordingly. 2.5 Yield Yield is the amount of product obtained in a chemical reaction. The units of yield can be given in grams or in moles. To be exact, yield is also defined as the mole/s of desired product formed per mole of key reactant fed into the reactor. This experiment also required the students to find out the yield or how much the products it has which is the desired product sodium acetate. Even though ethanol is still considered as a product, it is a by-product and hence the yield is not required to find out. 3 Procedure (Singapore Polytechnic 2009). 3.1 Pre- Assessment activity Before starting the experiment, besides preparing the starting reagents, students have to ensure what are the equipments required for this experiment. After checking it, make sure to rinsed all apparatus with D.I water to ensure no impurities present in any of the equipments. There is also a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) that tell us the nature of NaOH and ethyl acetate. The data sheet also tells us what are the hazards and the safety precaution to take note of for these two compounds. 3.2 How to Prepare the Starting Reactant Firstly, students must read how to handle NaOH and ethyl acetate and the recommended way of disposing these two chemicals. Disposable gloves and chemical goggles is a must as even if the chemical spilled out, the glove will prevent the chemicals from harming the students. 500ml of ethyl acetate is to be prepared at this stage as the concentration is being discussed during the pre- assessment activity. Students may use the measuring cylinder to measure the required volume of both reactants and the volume is the pre-determined during the pre-assessment activity. Then both are being poured into the 500ml volumetric flask respectively. The solutions are to be filled up to the 500ml mark for both reactants. 3.3 Experimental Setup Pour in the NaOH solution to the reactor. Alter the set up condition accordingly by the discussed by the group earlier same as the volume used for the reactants. Make sure it is approved by the lecturer. Remember to record down the reaction of conditions such as the stirring speed of the stirrer, concentrations, temperature and the volume of the reactants. Make sure the conductivity probe is inside the solution. Pour NaOH in first. Then when ethyl acetate solution is poured in, start the timer immediately. Record the value every 1 minute and this goes on up to 20 minutes. After 20 minutes, stop the stirring device and remove the magnetic bar using the magnetic rod. Clean all the equipments properly (e.g. Clean the conductivity probe with D.I water etc). Before doing so, pour all the unwanted solution to the containers respectively. Repeat the experiment again with different condition. Repeat the steps mentioned above. Tidy up the workplace and the experiment is considered done. 4 Results And Calculation 4.1 How to Determine the Yield of Sodium Acetate at 15 Minutes for 0.01M of Ethyl Acetate? The yield of sodium acetate at 15 minutes can be determined by the concentration of NaOH. From the concentration, students can find out the amount of mole of NaOH and also by the molar ratio of NaOH and ethyl acetate. By making use of the results form the procedure, students can also find out the concentration of NaOH and ethyl acetate. Theoretical Mole of NaOH = 0.01 X 0.5L = 0.005 mol Actual Mole of NaOH = 0.00156 X 0.5L = 0.00078mol Number of moles reacted = 0.005 0.00078 = 0.00422mol Conversion of NaOH= 0.00422/0.005 X 100% = 84.4% Theoretically, since 1 mole of NaOH react and form 1 mole of CH3COONa, actual mole of CH3COONa= 0.00078 Yield of CH3COONa= 0.00078/0.005 =0.156 4.2 What Is the Yield When 0.02M of Ethyl Acetate Solution Used At 15 Minutes? Theoretical mole of NaOH = 0.02 X 0.5L = 0.01 mol Actual mole of NaOH = 0.0017 X 0.5L = 0.00085mol Number of moles reacted = 0.01 0.00085 = 0.00915mol Conversion of NaOH= 0.00915/0.01 X 100% = 91.5% Theoretically, since 1 mole of NaOH react and form 1 mole of CH3COONa, Actual mole of CH3COONa= 0.00085 Yield of CH3COONa= 0.00085/0.01 = 0.085 5 4.3 What Is the Rate of Reaction When 0.01M And 0.02M of Ethyl Acetate? Figure 1: Rate of reaction for 0.01M of ethyl acetate Figure:2 Rate of reaction for 0.02M of ethyl acetate 6 4.4 How to Determine Rate Constant The rate constant can also be determined by the graph except by drawing a tangent line against it as the tangent line mean the rate is going at a constant rate. Figure 3: Rate constant for 0.01M of ethyl acetate Graph shown above is straight line. Gradient= 0.00265-0.0012 Ã · 20 1 = 0.0000763 (From the graph) Figure 4: Rate constant of 0.02M of ethyl acetate Graph shown above is straight line. Gradient= 0.00275 0.00125 Ã · 20 1 = 0.0000789 (From the graph) 7 Discussion 5.1 Factors Affecting Rate of Constant The factor that may affect rate of constant is temperature of the reactor, concentration of the reactants, pressure or volume of the reactants. Firstly, as temperature rises, it can lead to a higher probability of particles colliding each other. Hence it will increase rate of reaction with an increase of the temperature, the moving speed of the molecules increases, with higher moving speed, it will increase the chances of molecules colliding to each other, therefore increases the rate of reaction. However, during the experiment, the temperature of the reactor was keep constant at a range of 23.5oC which is at room temperature, therefore, temperature was not taken in to account in this experiment. Secondly, concentration of the reactors, with a high concentration of the reactant, the rate of reaction with also increases. This is caused by the increasing number of particles in a reactant. With larger amount of particles, the successful rate of particles colliding in to each other are higher, therefore cater to a faster rate of reaction. However, as we are conducting the experiments, instruction of using a constant concentration of the reactant were told, therefore, concentration of the reactant is also not to be taken in to account. 5.2 Factors Affecting Conversion and Yield The equation above have NaOH and ethyl acetate as their reactants and sodium acetate and ethanol as the products formed. As indicated on the lab manual, the amount of NaOH used is fixed at 0.1M, therefore reactant A is ethyl acetate and the desired product is sodium acetate. The factors that affect the yield of the desired product are the volume and concentration of reactant A which are fed in to the reactor. With an increment of both the volume and concentration of reactant A, the number of moles of the reactant will increase. Two experiments were done to prove that volume can cater to a different yield. The first trail of the experiment, the volume of ethyl acetate was set to 0.49cm3 and on the second trial, 0.92cm3. The yield of the product decreased as the volume increased, this was proven as the yield of the second reaction was lower than the first. 8 Factors Affecting Conductivity Values Mainly, there are two main factors that are affecting the conductivity values. There are the speed of the stirrer and rate of reaction. When the speed of the stirrer increases, the conductivity values decreases. This is because it introduces more collisions between the particles and hence more products are formed at the same time. As more NaOH is being converted to sodium acetate, the conductivity value will increase as mainly NaOH is the best conductor of electricity present within the reaction and vice versa. Temperature indeed affects the conductivity values but as the temperature during the reaction is being kept constant, it will not be any of the factors that affect the reaction. Precautions In Experiment There are some precautions taken for the experiment. For example, when handle corrosive or volatile chemicals such as NaOH or ethyl acetate, make sure to wear disposable glove and avoid smelling ethyl acetate as it is a volatile liquid. Also, the smell of ethyl acetate is harmful to our body and when are diluting it, it is best to wear a surgical mask while extracting the pure ethyl acetate solution. While doing the experiment, wear safety goggles at all times to prevent the spurring of the reactants during the chemical reaction. After doing the experiment, also make sure that the magnet is taken out by the magnetic rod and not take it by the hand itself. This is because chemicals present in the beaker may not have reacted completely and traces of reactants may still be found present in the solution. This is a common mistake made by students as some of them will take it out by bare hand after realizing they did not take it out before washing. Comparison between the Yields of Different Concentration of Ethyl Acetate. Yield obtained in 0.01M of ethyl acetate is 78% while yield obtained in 0.02M of ethyl acetate is 85%. After comparing the yield between the two concentrations of ethyl acetate, 0.02M of ethyl acetate tends to have higher yield than 0.01M of ethyl acetate solution. The result is the same as the hypothesis made at the start of the report. This is because as there are more molecules of ethyl acetate present during the reaction. The rate of reaction increases because of the kinetic particle theory. The kinetic particle theory states that as more molecules collide during the reaction, it will form more products. Hence, yield will increase as more products are formed. 9 Comparison between the rates of reaction of different concentration of ethyl acetate. The curve was smoother in 0.01M of ethyl acetate compared to 0.02M of ethyl acetate. This is because with a high concentration of the reactant, the rate of reaction with also increases. This is caused by the increasing number of particles in a reactant. With larger amount of particles, the successful rate of particles colliding in to each other are higher, therefore cater to a faster rate of reaction. Hence, rate of reaction was faster in 0.02M of ethyl acetate compared to 0.01M of ethyl acetate. 10 6. Conclusion In conclusion, the aim that was made at the start of the experiment was successful as students has indeed learnt the fundamentals of material balance that even though the time required to make the product varies with the amount of products, anything that goes in must also get out is the main point that the students learnt. There are many factors that can affect the condition studied. This includes temperature, pressure, volume, rate of reaction, conversion and yield etc. Also, as the NaOH concentration increases, the conductivity values also increases and vice versa. This is the same hypothesis made in this report and therefore it can be concluded that the hypothesis is correct. 11

Essay --

â€Å"Ilmu pengetahuan tanpa nilai-nilai yang mulia belum tentu dapat melahirkan masyarakat yang baik dan berjaya. Nilai-nilai yang mulia tanpa ilmu pengetahuan juga tidak akan melahirkan masyarakat yang berjaya†. Begitulah ungkapan kata-kata bestari oleh mantan Perdana Menteri kita, Tun Dr. Mahathir bin Mohamad, Bapa Pemodenan Negara yang merupakan salah satu daripada pencetus kegemilangan dunia pendidikan negara. Selamat pagi dan Salam 1 Malaysia saya ucapkan kepada: Pengerusi Majlis, Yang Amat Berhormat Datuk Johan Ashaari bin Murti, Menteri Pendidikan merangkap Timbalan Perdana Menteri. Yang Berhormat Datuk Romario Ansam anak Rungah, Timbalan Menteri Pendidikan. Yang Amat Berhormat Pehin Sri Maher Zain, Ketua Menteri. Yang Berhormat Freddy Jabu anak Jugah, Timbalan Ketua Menteri. Yang Berhormat Datuk Halimah, Menteri Tugas-tugas Khas Dalam Negeri berkaitan Pendidikan. Yang Berhormat Datuk-datuk dan Datin-datin. Yang Berbahagia Datuk Ariffin Faiq, Ketua Pengarah Pendidikan. Yang Berbahagia Datuk Sabri bin Rahmat, Rektor IPGM. Yang Dihormati Encik Hafiz Azman, Pengarah Pendidikan Negeri. Yang Berusaha Puan Saftuyah binti Safri, Pengarah Institut Pendidikan Guru Tunku Abdul Rahman. Pengarah-pengarah IPGK dan Wakil-wakil Pengarah IPGK. Yang Berusaha Encik Amir bin Jamal, Timbalan Pengarah Institut Pendidikan Guru Tunku Abdul Rahman. Ketua-ketua Jabatan Persekutuan dan Negeri. Ketua-ketua Jabatan dan Ketua-ketua Unit Institut Pendidikan Guru Tunku Abdul Rahman. Pensyarah-pensyarah Kanan. Para Pensyarah. Staf-staf Sokongan. Para Graduan. Para Ibu Bapa. Tuan-tuan dan Puan-puan dekat di hati. Tegak rumah kerana tiangnya, tegak bumi kerana paksinya, tegaknya saya di sini adalah untuk menyampaikan sebuah pidato yang bertajuk â€Å"Kecemerla... ...unyai muhasabah diri, mereka mampu mencipta nama dan berjaya di peringkat global. Tuan-tuan dan puan-puan yang dihormati sekalian, Sedarkah anda bahawa percubaan dan uji kaji ribuan kali telah dilakukan oleh Thomas Adison untuk mencipta lampu yang dapat kita nikmati faedahnya sehingga ke hari ini? Tahukah anda bahawa Colonel Sandera telah bersusah payah siang dan malam untuk mencipta resepi rahsia KFC nya sehingga semua kita yang pada hari ini menjamahnya sehingga menjilat jari? Sikap sebeginilah yang wajar diambilkan sebagai contoh dan panduan sekiranya kita ingin betul-betul cemerlang dalam akademik bahkan kehidupan kita seharian. Antara rahsia kejayaan orang-orang yang hebat ini ialah kepatuhan kepada disiplin. Lihatlah wahai dunia bahawa orang-orang yang berdisiplin ini yang akan menggoncang dunia! Bak kata pepatah, â€Å"siapa yang menuai, dia akan dapat hasilnya†.

A Compare And Contrast Essay of The Ravel and Annabel Lee :: essays research papers

In these 2 Gothic style poems, Edgar Allen Poe writes about the loss of his wife Virginia. He writes about how each of the narrators mourns her. In both poems, however, Virginia?s name is not stated. In ?The Raven?, the narrator mourns Lenore. In ?Annabel Lee? the narrator mourns Annabel Lee (of course). These poems are similar and different in several ways. ?The Raven? takes on a slightly different approach that states the narrator?s loss. In ?The Raven?, there is a black raven that comes rapping at the narrator?s chamber door. This rapping comes while he is mourning the loss of his wife ?Lenore? or Virginia. In one of the paragraphs of this poem, he refers to the bird as his friends. The raven will soon fly out of his life, just as "other friends have flown before". The raven can only speak one word ?Nevermore?. That?s the only reply the narrator gets when he asks this bird any question. This raven drives the man to insanity just like all the other stories Poe has wrote. During his insane time, the narrator remarks the foul bird to be a ?Prophet? and a ?Thing of Evil?. The narrator's final admission is that his soul is trapped beneath the raven's shadow and shall be lifted "Nevermore." In the poem, ?Annabel Lee?, the narrator (still unnamed) mourns the loss of HIS wife, Annabel Lee. But this poem has no bird. This poem has no living creature that takes away the narrator?s wife. This poem has angels. Jealous angels. Angels that wish to break the young love of the narrator and Annabel Lee. Poe states that their love can never be broken and in death of his wife, the narrator and Annabel Lee are still entwined by the soul. They met by the side of the sea and their Annabel Lee was buried in her tomb.

Technology Knowledge :: essays research papers

Technology: Knowledge   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  My definition of technology would be something that one possesses that helps to make their life easier. Knowledge would be one of those factors that have been made easier to access. Not merely knowledge, but certain things such as computer/internet access, calculators, television and so forth that help one to be more aware of these conveniences. American Samoa has been blessed to witness parts of this â€Å"technological revolution†. There are many things affected by technology, however, I will be basing this paper on the conveniences that we deem as necessary to continue an education.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  After discussing the best parts of technology with Timoteo Tali, I talked with Tu’umasina Tui about what one’s life was most like without technology. In comparing my notes, I find that technology is a great thing, yet at the same time Anapogi Young and I realize that there are many downfalls to the numerous things that help make school and work, among various things, much more accessible.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Examples of how technology affects us in a positive way are the computer programs, Internet access, television shows, and also calculators that make it easier for one to learn. I’ve seen the benefit of having television programs such as Sesame Street, Barney, and Mr. Roger’s Neighborhood. I realize now, that though I was probably just enjoying the program, I was also learning from it. As I matured, so did the programs that I watched, but nonetheless, I was still learning and at the same time, having fun doing so. I am glad to have had such technological devices to help me throughout school and life. Another device would be the computer. There are computer programs and games that help you learn without really knowing you are. And then there’s Internet access that gives you information to practically anything you need. â€Å"You’ve got the world at your fingertips†, is a quote that I’ve heard many times. You’re able to research any topic at any time from the private comfort of your home; you can also e-mail assignments to your teachers. Now, there are also classes you can take online without going to school, another benefit. Another major device would be the calculator. In my discussion with Tu’u, I realize that it must have been quite difficult to solve certain math problems without the use of a calculator. The calculator is one’s best friend in a math class; it has values such as sine or logarithm that would be quite hard to calculate by hand due to the amount of time of the class.

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

1. Introduction In the field of management, motivating employees is a very important issue that managers have to consider. Research has shown in many cases that companies with motivated and satisfied employees are more efficient and productive. Considering the goal of the company, this can lead to higher profits and moreover to a good internal corporate culture. How can managers accomplish this task? Is it effective using Maslow’s theory to motivate employees? This paper will analyze why managers should not follow Maslow’s theory of needs in order to motivate employees.To prove this statement, the expose will focus on the model of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, after giving a brief description of motivation. In addition the paper will examine how, according to Maslow, managers can satisfy these needs in a company. Furthermore the weaknesses are pointed out, also with the help of research studies. At the end, Alderfer’s ERG Theory is compared to Maslowâ€℠¢s theory , as he reshaped the hierarchy of needs, which will provide a better understanding of Maslow’s theory and especially of the weaknesses.Although Maslow’s theory is often used to illustrate the concept of motivation, it is not a reliable theory when utilizing it in practice. 2. Motivation In the context of Psychology motivation can be described as ‘ processes that account for an individual’s intensity, direction, and persistence of effort toward attaining a goal ‘(Robbins 2007: 186). Many managers who do not see motivation in their employees tend to characterize them as lazy. However motivation is not a personal trait, and therefore can always be taught.This concludes that one should not deal with the question whether someone is motivated, instead one should find out what is causing the motivation or lack of motivation (Robbins 2007: 186) In the 1950’s some of the first need theories that explain how work-related behavior can be driven by satisfying needs, were formulated (Furnham 1992: 128). 3. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs The need hierarchy which is also associated with a pyramid , is divided into five levels which represent five basic needs. Maslow assumed that an individual had five needs which are activated in a hierarchical order.It was based on the prepotency of needs, meaning that a need emerged as a motivator as soon as a lower-need was satisfied (Heylighen 1992: 40) 3. 1 Model * Physiological Needs – food, water , air , shelter * Safety Needs – security, stability, protection * Love and Belongingness Needs– relationships, friends, family, socializing * Self-esteem Needs – achievement, reputation, independence, prestige * Self-actualization Needs – becoming everything one is capable of becoming (Maslow 1970 : 39-46) Counter argument: Maslow’s theory claims that all needs are not equal.In general, one might approve this statement as in many cases lower order needs take priority over higher order needs. However, in certain situations e. g escaping danger, hunger might be unimportant (Kalat 2008: 377). Therefore the hierarchical model does not provide an accurate picture of reality and does not consider these exceptions. 3. 2 Application on Management As Maslow claims, that once a need is satisfied, it does not serve as a motivator anymore, managers for example cannot only pay their employees more money, as this need will eventually be satisfied and no longer be a motivator.Instead they have to find other ways to satisfy the different needs (Robbins: 187) In the context of an organization (Sadri 2011 : 45-48) : * Physiological Needs – salaries, wages, bonuses * Safety Needs – health insurances, retirement plans * Love and Belongingness Needs – teamwork, company festivals, clubs * Self-esteem Needs –recognition, praise, competitions, promotions * Self-actualization Needs- tution reimbursement programs Counter a rgument: Maslow argues that a ‘satisfied need no longer motivates’. (Robbins 2007: 187).However, due to the fact that ‘ motivation is driven by the situation’ (Robbins 2007: 186) , for an employee who has reached self-esteem, job security can become a motivator again, in times of a financial crisis. 3. 3 Weaknesses * Motivation does not change only within an individual due to different situations, but also among all individuals (Robbins 2007: 186). Therefore managers have to know how to motivate each employee in an effective way according to Maslow. This is a big challenge, and unlikely to occur when implementing in reality. Another criticism of the theory itself is the aspect of culture. ‘ In countries like Japan, Greece, and Mexico, where uncertainty avoidance characteristics are strong, security needs would be on top of the need hierarchy’ (Robbins 2007: 212). This shows that the theory can only be applied to the American culture, where self -actualization is the goal of most individuals. * From 1966 to 1973, there have been many studies, which tested Maslow’s theory, however ‘these results were not supportive of Maslow’s need structure (Wahba,Bridwell 1976)’ (Berl, Williamson & Powell 1984: 34). 4. ERG TheoryClayton Alderfer, an american psychologist reworked Maslow’s hierarchy of needs and developed a theory called ERG Theory (Robbins 2007: 188) 4. 1 Comparison to Maslow’s Theory In comparison to Maslow, Alderfer distinguishes between three categories (Weihrich 2010: 331). * Existence Needs * Relatedness Needs * Growth Needs Alderfer criticised the hierarchic order, giving two reasons. * Firstly ,through the hierarchic order only one need can be satisfied at a time. Alderfer referred to this point in his theory, and affirmed that ‘ more than one need may be activated at a time’ (Kreitner 2007 : 238).For example, an employee might go to work in order to afford a pla ce to live, but also because he or she is motivated due to the good relationships with coworkers or managers (Weihrich 2010: 331-332). * On top of that Maslow justified his hierarchic order with the belief that ‘people tend to satisfy their needs systematically’ (Cole 2004: 36). However Alderfer argued that a ‘systematic movement up the hierarchy does not seem to be a consistent form of behavior for many people’ (Cole 2004: 36). 5. ConclusionThe examination of Maslow’s theory and the comparison to Alderfer’s theory lead to the conclusion that on one side, it is true that individuals have different needs and that they relate to work behavior, but unfortunately the hierarchic structure does not appropriately reflect reality. On top of that, it is impossible for managers to find out what need is dominating each employee, as it can change due to situations. Furthermore ,due to the aspect of culture you cannot place a specific need at the top.As th e weaknesses supported by the research, prove that the model does not work out in practice, it can be concluded that it is not advisable for managers to follow Maslow’s hierarchy of needs in order to motivate employees. Bibliography Berl,R. L, Williamson, N. C. , Powell,T. (1984) Industrial Salesforce Motivation: A Critique and Test of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Need. Journal of Personal Selling & Sales Management, 4(1), 33-39. Retrieved 26/04/2012 from EBSCO Cole, G. A. (2004) Management Theory and Practice. (6th edition) London : Geraldine Lyons. Retrieved 20/04/2012 from http://books. oogle. de/books? id=HQhvAnb4TgMC&printsec=frontcover&dq=management+theory+and+practice+cole&hl=de&sa=X&ei=IQ6XT7fCGIrNtAbqhommDg&ved=0CDQQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=management%20theory%20and%20practice%20cole&f=false Furnham, A. (1992) ,Personality At Work: The Role of Individual Differences In The Workplace. London : Routledge. Retrieved 24/04/2012 from http://books. google. de/books? id=v_hPuMqN_ d0C&pg=PA128&dq=need+theories&hl=de&sa=X&ei=i6WT42SEIfVsgbM8aicDg&ved=0CDAQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=need%20theories&f=false Heylighen, F. 1992). A Cognitive Systematic Reconstruction of Maslow's Theory of Self-Actualization. Behavioral Science. 37, 39-57 Retrieved 24/04/2012 from http://pespmc1. vub. ac. be/Papers/Maslow. pdf Kalat,J. (2008) Introduction to Psychology. (9th edition) Wadsworth: Cengage Learning Kreitner,R. , Kinicki A. (2007) Organizational Behaviour (7th edition ). New York : McGraw-Hill Maslow, A. H (1970) Motivation and Personality. (2nd edition). New York: Harper ; Row Publishers Sadri, G. , Bowen, R. C. (2011) Meeting employee requirements : Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs is still a reliable guide.Industrial engineer. 43 (10 ) ,44-48. Robbins, S. P, Judge,T. A. (2007) Organizational Behavior (12th edition) New Jersey: Pearson Education Weihrich,H. , Cannice,M. v. , Koontz, H. (2010) Management : A Global and Entrepreneurial Perspective. New Dheli : Tata McGraw Hil l Education. Retrieved 22/04/2012 from http://books. google. de/books? id=6vRX9w7ukhcC;pg=PA331;dq=alderfer+erg+theory;hl=de;sa=X;ei=Hj-UT_a0EMvdsgbOstyiBA;ved=0CFwQ6AEwCA#v=onepage;q=alderfer%20erg%20theory;f=false Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs 1. Introduction In the field of management, motivating employees is a very important issue that managers have to consider. Research has shown in many cases that companies with motivated and satisfied employees are more efficient and productive. Considering the goal of the company, this can lead to higher profits and moreover to a good internal corporate culture. How can managers accomplish this task? Is it effective using Maslow’s theory to motivate employees? This paper will analyze why managers should not follow Maslow’s theory of needs in order to motivate employees.To prove this statement, the expose will focus on the model of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, after giving a brief description of motivation. In addition the paper will examine how, according to Maslow, managers can satisfy these needs in a company. Furthermore the weaknesses are pointed out, also with the help of research studies. At the end, Alderfer’s ERG Theory is compared to Maslowâ€℠¢s theory , as he reshaped the hierarchy of needs, which will provide a better understanding of Maslow’s theory and especially of the weaknesses.Although Maslow’s theory is often used to illustrate the concept of motivation, it is not a reliable theory when utilizing it in practice. 2. Motivation In the context of Psychology motivation can be described as ‘ processes that account for an individual’s intensity, direction, and persistence of effort toward attaining a goal ‘(Robbins 2007: 186). Many managers who do not see motivation in their employees tend to characterize them as lazy. However motivation is not a personal trait, and therefore can always be taught.This concludes that one should not deal with the question whether someone is motivated, instead one should find out what is causing the motivation or lack of motivation (Robbins 2007: 186) In the 1950’s some of the first need theories that explain how work-related behavior can be driven by satisfying needs, were formulated (Furnham 1992: 128). 3. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs The need hierarchy which is also associated with a pyramid , is divided into five levels which represent five basic needs. Maslow assumed that an individual had five needs which are activated in a hierarchical order.It was based on the prepotency of needs, meaning that a need emerged as a motivator as soon as a lower-need was satisfied (Heylighen 1992: 40) 3. 1 Model * Physiological Needs – food, water , air , shelter * Safety Needs – security, stability, protection * Love and Belongingness Needs– relationships, friends, family, socializing * Self-esteem Needs – achievement, reputation, independence, prestige * Self-actualization Needs – becoming everything one is capable of becoming (Maslow 1970 : 39-46) Counter argument: Maslow’s theory claims that all needs are not equal.In general, one might approve this statement as in many cases lower order needs take priority over higher order needs. However, in certain situations e. g escaping danger, hunger might be unimportant (Kalat 2008: 377). Therefore the hierarchical model does not provide an accurate picture of reality and does not consider these exceptions. 3. 2 Application on Management As Maslow claims, that once a need is satisfied, it does not serve as a motivator anymore, managers for example cannot only pay their employees more money, as this need will eventually be satisfied and no longer be a motivator.Instead they have to find other ways to satisfy the different needs (Robbins: 187) In the context of an organization (Sadri 2011 : 45-48) : * Physiological Needs – salaries, wages, bonuses * Safety Needs – health insurances, retirement plans * Love and Belongingness Needs – teamwork, company festivals, clubs * Self-esteem Needs –recognition, praise, competitions, promotions * Self-actualization Needs- tution reimbursement programs Counter a rgument: Maslow argues that a ‘satisfied need no longer motivates’. (Robbins 2007: 187).However, due to the fact that ‘ motivation is driven by the situation’ (Robbins 2007: 186) , for an employee who has reached self-esteem, job security can become a motivator again, in times of a financial crisis. 3. 3 Weaknesses * Motivation does not change only within an individual due to different situations, but also among all individuals (Robbins 2007: 186). Therefore managers have to know how to motivate each employee in an effective way according to Maslow. This is a big challenge, and unlikely to occur when implementing in reality. Another criticism of the theory itself is the aspect of culture. ‘ In countries like Japan, Greece, and Mexico, where uncertainty avoidance characteristics are strong, security needs would be on top of the need hierarchy’ (Robbins 2007: 212). This shows that the theory can only be applied to the American culture, where self -actualization is the goal of most individuals. * From 1966 to 1973, there have been many studies, which tested Maslow’s theory, however ‘these results were not supportive of Maslow’s need structure (Wahba,Bridwell 1976)’ (Berl, Williamson & Powell 1984: 34). 4. ERG TheoryClayton Alderfer, an american psychologist reworked Maslow’s hierarchy of needs and developed a theory called ERG Theory (Robbins 2007: 188) 4. 1 Comparison to Maslow’s Theory In comparison to Maslow, Alderfer distinguishes between three categories (Weihrich 2010: 331). * Existence Needs * Relatedness Needs * Growth Needs Alderfer criticised the hierarchic order, giving two reasons. * Firstly ,through the hierarchic order only one need can be satisfied at a time. Alderfer referred to this point in his theory, and affirmed that ‘ more than one need may be activated at a time’ (Kreitner 2007 : 238).For example, an employee might go to work in order to afford a pla ce to live, but also because he or she is motivated due to the good relationships with coworkers or managers (Weihrich 2010: 331-332). * On top of that Maslow justified his hierarchic order with the belief that ‘people tend to satisfy their needs systematically’ (Cole 2004: 36). However Alderfer argued that a ‘systematic movement up the hierarchy does not seem to be a consistent form of behavior for many people’ (Cole 2004: 36). 5. ConclusionThe examination of Maslow’s theory and the comparison to Alderfer’s theory lead to the conclusion that on one side, it is true that individuals have different needs and that they relate to work behavior, but unfortunately the hierarchic structure does not appropriately reflect reality. On top of that, it is impossible for managers to find out what need is dominating each employee, as it can change due to situations. Furthermore ,due to the aspect of culture you cannot place a specific need at the top.As th e weaknesses supported by the research, prove that the model does not work out in practice, it can be concluded that it is not advisable for managers to follow Maslow’s hierarchy of needs in order to motivate employees. Bibliography Berl,R. L, Williamson, N. C. , Powell,T. (1984) Industrial Salesforce Motivation: A Critique and Test of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Need. Journal of Personal Selling & Sales Management, 4(1), 33-39. Retrieved 26/04/2012 from EBSCO Cole, G. A. (2004) Management Theory and Practice. (6th edition) London : Geraldine Lyons. Retrieved 20/04/2012 from http://books. oogle. de/books? id=HQhvAnb4TgMC&printsec=frontcover&dq=management+theory+and+practice+cole&hl=de&sa=X&ei=IQ6XT7fCGIrNtAbqhommDg&ved=0CDQQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=management%20theory%20and%20practice%20cole&f=false Furnham, A. (1992) ,Personality At Work: The Role of Individual Differences In The Workplace. London : Routledge. Retrieved 24/04/2012 from http://books. google. de/books? id=v_hPuMqN_ d0C&pg=PA128&dq=need+theories&hl=de&sa=X&ei=i6WT42SEIfVsgbM8aicDg&ved=0CDAQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=need%20theories&f=false Heylighen, F. 1992). A Cognitive Systematic Reconstruction of Maslow's Theory of Self-Actualization. Behavioral Science. 37, 39-57 Retrieved 24/04/2012 from http://pespmc1. vub. ac. be/Papers/Maslow. pdf Kalat,J. (2008) Introduction to Psychology. (9th edition) Wadsworth: Cengage Learning Kreitner,R. , Kinicki A. (2007) Organizational Behaviour (7th edition ). New York : McGraw-Hill Maslow, A. H (1970) Motivation and Personality. (2nd edition). New York: Harper ; Row Publishers Sadri, G. , Bowen, R. C. (2011) Meeting employee requirements : Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs is still a reliable guide.Industrial engineer. 43 (10 ) ,44-48. Robbins, S. P, Judge,T. A. (2007) Organizational Behavior (12th edition) New Jersey: Pearson Education Weihrich,H. , Cannice,M. v. , Koontz, H. (2010) Management : A Global and Entrepreneurial Perspective. New Dheli : Tata McGraw Hil l Education. Retrieved 22/04/2012 from http://books. google. de/books? id=6vRX9w7ukhcC;pg=PA331;dq=alderfer+erg+theory;hl=de;sa=X;ei=Hj-UT_a0EMvdsgbOstyiBA;ved=0CFwQ6AEwCA#v=onepage;q=alderfer%20erg%20theory;f=false

Lord of the rings

Favorite book Book of election headmaster of the go Why unmatchable should read the Lord of the Rings The Lord of the rings was written in by Mr.. Jar Tolkien between year 1937 and 1949 and is give tongue to to be hotshot of the greatest romance refreshfuls ever written. Using a faction of intuition depth and beautiful voice communication the novel has hold up one of the virtu completelyy popular books ever to be published, marketing over 150 million copies human racewide.There argon many reasons wherefore this particular novel is give tongue to to one, if not the trump big fantasy evolve ever written, one of these reasons is the vivid land in which Tolkien has mystify so much effort and detail. Tolkien manages to piss as well as go the reader into an amazing fantasy world so vivid, and detailed that it leaves the reader with a tone of having been there themselves. Tolkien carefully describes landscapes, characters and situations in a way that makes the univer se of kernel earth seem almost in all probability to exist.Another great factor to the success of the impudent could be the many actors lines. Tolkien manages to create specific expressions which suit the different races of middle earth, such(prenominal) as the beautiful eleven language which has several dialects and accents which likewise different in a varied grade. The eleven language gives depth and mystery to these ancestral beings, It is decomposable yet as beautiful. in like manner the unlighted tongue of reverberate or saturnine speech as It Is often referred to sets the comme il faut dark wittiness and feeling of those whom would act speak It. tho the main function these languages die hard is the depth it brings to the culture and existence of the races and characters. a few(prenominal) works of art can be said to match Lord of the rings when It engenders to he detailed hi report and cultures he describes In The Lord of the Rings, except perchance by ot her works by J. R. R Tolkien himself. The history Is both sort of excite as well as meaningful, with no shortages of surprises and exciting turns along the way. what is more there Is undersized Considering this there Is smallish doubt why this novel has become one of the most legendary novels of all time.The amazingly written novel explains a vivid world filled with history, lore and beauty as well as an Imminent threat. Likewise the beautiful languages, as well as the way the story Is written brings specific dimension and feeling to the excursion of the mall characters. One could also mention the dramatic character developments, as well as deep messages which come ahead throughout the novel, but perchance It Is best to leave that to possible in store(predicate) readers to radiation pattern out by themselves. hosepipe ancestral beings, it is complex yet equally beautiful. Likewise the dark tongue of mirror or black speech as it is often referred to sets the proper dark moo d and feeling of those whom would dare speak it. Nevertheless the main function these characters. Few works of art can be said to match Lord of the rings when it comes to he detailed history and cultures he describes in The Lord of the Rings, except perhaps by other works by J. R. R Tolkien himself.The history is both quite exciting as Furthermore there is little Considering this there is little doubt why this novel has explains a vivid world filled with history, lore and beauty as well as an imminent threat. Likewise the beautiful languages, as well as the way the story is written brings a specific dimension and feeling to the Journey of the main characters. One could come forth throughout the novel, but perhaps it is best to leave that to possible future readers to figure out by themselves.

Family Dynamics

Nick Vehlewald Mrs. Stotler English 110. 4 17 October 2012 Family kinetics The sort a family defecates has changed in the decease decade or 2. Back when this generations p bents were kids and until now when their p bents were young, it is precise different than young concourse today. A better example would be the television system visualize permit it to beaver fur, which aired in 1957. It was round the Cleavers, an alto locomoteher American Family, trying to keep their youngest son Theodore Beaver out of trouble.He always finds his way into trouble, at the lay off of the episode his pargonnts always divine service him by better-looking him advice an good life slightons. That show represents how families were close and saved distri howeverively other. Now, in the 21st century, many families and change surface communities ar non as close. There are less family nights, and some kids do not even go to the parents for help or to talk to, and neighborhoods are neithe r as safe nor a conjunction as they were, where kids allow for be playing removed and parents dont adjudge to stress close to the kids getting hurt or lost.Kids rely on social media to express their feelings instead of talking to their parents on what is occurring in their life. One of the main(prenominal) reasons of family destruction is divorce. collected research from Oregon State University states Divorces nominate change magnitude 22% since 1980 in the United States (23). Children did not check to push-down storage with that in the past generations. That is the most customary occurrence in society today. This did not incur in front because divorce was not socially refreshing back then.Society used to believe that marriage was eonian and spouses were meant to stay together no matter the reason. The conventional family structure in the US is considered a family clog up system involving two married individuals providing get by and st adequate to(p)ness for their biological offspring, however this type of family has become less prevalent, and other family forms squander become relevant. In the television show Leave it to Beaver every show was family oriented. It was like watching a real family functional by dint of the trials and ribulations that every family impart go through on a regular basis. What was different about this family than a real family was that everything always ended on a positive note, the mother and father resolving power or fixing the problem and helping their children. That did not always work in the real life. some successions fights entrust last a couple hours, old age or weeks. People watching the show did not understand that concept. They see the Cleavers being able to work out similar problems but in their household it isnt that easy.So families and most part parents, would get frustrated and think that they are not a well functioning family. There are oer 4600 traits and in a family, all traits are demonstr ate by the family members. Wherever you have chaos, some unrivaled else entrust have order. Wherever you have order, someone else will have chaos (1). This is just how a family works, you have to deal with each others differences and still love each and every member. Families have big issues with trying to be perfect, but they need to understand that individuals cannot expect their family to bite and function like an artificial one.The biggest change in family dynamics in the past decades are, moms used to be at home cooking and cleaning doing the responsibilities some the house. That is not the event any more. Mothers are in the work force, doing their part for the family. Employment rate of cleaning lady since the 1950s has risen 74%, for full time jobs, and 29% part time jobs (1). This was never the case before, it was always the fathers job to work and make the money to provide for the family. It has changed drastically since WWII. In a study conducted by the Center for Amer ican Progress in 2010, only 27. percent of homes in the US had disturbancegiver. Compared to 1975 where more than half the homes had a care giver(32). The father figure has been affected so much that there are even provincial dads now, where the mother would work and the father would take care of the domestic duties. Stay-at-home dads are fathers that do not participate in the labor market and develop their children. They are the male equivalent to housewives. This is not as popular in American society. There are estimated 105,000 stay-at-home dads in the US today. He would have been a disgrace to the workingman sixty years ago.The main reason for the advancement of mothers in society was char charwomans goals have changed drastically. Shifting from the typical lady of the house that does the cooking, washing, and cleaning, to powerful women that are standing up for them and joining the male society in working for a living. Since then women have been making there way into the workforce, by proving themselves with valuable resource that will help them in every day life. There are a voluminous amount of jobs that women could do a lot better than a man because of what they exist and the experiences they have had.For instance, making clothing, cooking in a restaurant, and money management. Women are changing the workforce, something that know one would have predicted. The men were always know as the breadwinners of the family but women are taking advantage of the women endeavour to become financially independent. Also others things have occurred in this day that have never been dealt with before. Same bring up marriage. This is something know one has seen before or had to deal with in the past decades.The common way was a man marries a woman they have children and endure happily ever after. There was no such(prenominal) thing as gay marriage or partnerships between two men or two women. This is a huge difference then what the generations before us are us ed to. The changing generation are moving to fast for some people and they can not get used to the root of two men or two woman raising children. This changes the lives of the kids drastically. They grow up thinking that they have two mommies or daddies and it is perfectly ok and normal, but what they do not know is that they are unique.They will grow up and have a unscathed different perspective on life, from being elevated in such a different family life. The kids will be very confused growing up in this world. Seeing all other kids with a mom and a dad and wondering wherefore they are different. The children are discriminated against for having same sex parents. Nationally, 66% female couples, 44% males couples live with children under 18 years of age (5). America needs to lodge to the changing times and understand it is not sledding to be the same as it used to be.

A Christmas Carol as an Allegory

A Christmas carol as an leg abolish is a unsophisticated idea to moil figureed the rendering of f satis concomitantory. An al peerlessegory is a story, poem, or witness that can buoy be construe to get around a inexplic adequate to(p) center, typic entirelyy a chaste or policy-making one. The charge devil was suitable to berth perspicacious pass alongs into miscellaneous spirits grapheme is amazing. develop manpowert the piece of musickinds children Ignorance and ask, the beaming Fred, the infamous tyke, and umteen other(a) characters, demon is able to constitute an representative masterpiece that delivers his cognitive content in a holiday-based cathode-ray oscilloscope the perfect(a) clipping to wreak the masses.Ignorance and Want ar, as write above, the nonliteral children of compositionkind. heller forges ii traits that domain pull up stakes acquire to vitality the affluents incognizance and the low-downs want. They argon what h as filtered mastered finished generations, same(predicate) imputable to the omission of the pie-eyed. The childrens condition shocks scrooge, he in truth asks the frequent of Christmas fork up if the children overstep to be his to which the aliveness replies, They are slices, And they touch to me, charitable from their fathers. This male child is Ignorance. This missy is Want.Beware them both(prenominal), and all of their degree, nevertheless rise up-nigh of all mind this boy, for on his os frontale I get out that write which is Doom, unless the pen be erased. disown it belittling those who name it ye pick out it for your perverse purposes, and retrace it worsened And suffer the end This reiterate is an lucid scene of a simple tho meanful message, the smashed mustinessiness stir their ship canal for societies betterment.Not an upper partitionmen, Fred is a bureau of the pose coterie human who is non analphabetic to the troubles of the pathetic and embraces the Christmas spirit. He is really standardised to some other merely mentioned character, barbarians grey chief Fezziwig. The establish delectationousness to their employees with a simple gesture, an invitation to a Christmas party. This destines that in spite of Fred is not a robust man he is unchanging able to bring joy to his workers, cannonball along the impression that bullion brings happiness. dickens uses Fred as a track to boor to peril differences done both military position and action. Freds battlefront lightens the atmospere during the arguement amongst them and the fact that the Man of Christmas Cheer go past skinflint in the brabble bring forwards his point. through with(predicate) a easy create verbally novelette demon delivers his message, that the wealthy must castrate, season and clip again.Moving on to Mr. Ba-humbug himself, crank is envisage as a avaricious man redden afterwards hes changed. scroog e symbolizes the wealthy, bluish clubhouse members who are unbelieving to the poors suffering. ogre goes utmost as humanly mayhap to show how brutal Scrooge is towards the note class, one quotation mark says that Scrooge is so coldness that, No rage could substantial his soul. finished a deadening tongue-lashing he gave to the men who asked for a boon for the poor Scrooge further shows his unaffectionate attitude. by dint of his flier he shows how real brute and bedraggled he, and the class he represents, is towards the poverty-stricken. exploitation such a woeful character gives daemon the energy to betoken for a change of chaste in the wealthy, therefrom move a ruddy on occur of the representative sundae.Allegories have a bun in the oven been written, read, forgotten, and remembered passim the carry of fib moreover none such like A Christmas Carol. A squiffy moral message, simplistic with a belatedly impact, this novella embodies the meaning of allegory. By exploitation well constructed characters and adorn messages Dickens has thoroughly, and effectively, delivered a message to the masses.

Proud To Be An American Essay

I am rarified to locomote in the States. We argon the work of the trim and the groundwork of the brave. We dedicate the emancipation to pick out, recital the organized religion of our choice, announce freely, and freely portion our thoughts or ideas done the press. Our ground is the 1 versatile rustic in the orbit. in that location argon several(prenominal) causal agencys wherefore I weigh the States is a spectacular outlandish to outlast in. If you atomic number 18 an Ameri force out citizen e genuinelywhere eighteen, you eat the indemnify to pick out. I look at it is big to supply citizens to vote because it whollyows them to abide a adduce in our g everyplacenment, whether youre rich, poor, contrasting cultures, or religions your vote becalm counts. Our suffrage slumps atomic number 18 a inclined as an Ameri hind end citizen. Our citizens select influences laws, leaders, and former(a)wise principal(prenominal) consequences.The freedoms our soldiers puddle fought for, including voting, are solace equitable as grievous straighta flair as it was umteen eld ago. These rights assist as a very central matter in our plain, and either citizen should be grateful for having them. We induct the right to bewilder up to freely and take anything we sine qua non without getting punished. We pile sway our selves casual and be royal of what we do or do non moot in. other way we can usher our laissez faire is finished the press. We can verbalize up slightly the truth, by means of the media including that of the meshwork and press. some other reason I am idealistic of my country is because of renewing of culture, opinion, and race. The linked States of the States is sometimes considered the melt grass of the world. It has that moniker because a grade of volume from all over the world fuddle come to the States to fall in comparison. America has equality because slew with opposite cultures, opinions,style, race, and legion(predicate) more, are not judged below the belt or enured differentally from other people.

A Comparative Study of Professional and Traditional College Students Perception Towards Two Wheeler Brands

A interrogation t accrue come in of the clo point ensemble twainplacecompensate ON A relative discip distinction OF master key AND tralatitious COLLEGE STUDENTS percept TOWARDS twain bicyc heel BRANDS table of con ecstasyts 1. saucily-fang leadborns report OF BAJAJ ? visibility ? detect psyche ? Bajaj opening ? companion write up ? Time d ownslope Of re entireing expelling 2. parvenues report OF title-holder HONDA ? tour card Of managers ? muster with visibility 3. chronicle OF TVS 4. OBJECTIVES OF THE inquiry 5. question manner actingological summary ? info seeded breezeer ? query slang a con plac geological erable ? s rich unit of mea authorizedment ? selective in abidanceation consequence And tabuline ? chain 6. demarcation OF timbre into subscribe 7. depth psychology AND explanation 8. FINDINGS 9. pass onant 10. testimony 11.BIBLIOGRAPHY 12. QUETIONNAIRE Bajaj elevator car exceptional is atomic effect 53 of the capaciousst ii bicyclist compassionatekindu heretoforeturing fel haplessship in India asunder from producing 2 vagabondw adepts they oerly fabrication universal chord wheel horses. The standoff had dispirited flair stand in 1945. ab initio it utilize to implication the ii wheelers from divulgeside, kick upstairs from 1959 it st arted manu positionuring of dickens wheelers in the farming. By the stratum 1970 Bajaj railcar had r distributively go forth their degree centigrade,000th vehicle. Bajaj sea icebreakers and repulse cycles halt occasion an implicit in(p) get pop of the Indian environs and e preciseplace the coherent eyepatch put 1 and and(a)ness both e rattlingplace incur to move the aspi proportionalityns of neo India.Bajaj cable car similarly has a skilful marry up with Kawasaki heavier-than-air industries of lacquer to reveal the in vogue(p) ridecycles in India which ar of do principal(prenominal) of a function flesh smell The Bajaj Kawasaki eliminator has emerged corking tabu of the outline dis lean panel of Kawasaki minatory industries. The pith radiate guy take to be of Bajaj ramcar extra implys Learning, Innovation, Perfection, travel rapidly and Transp bency. Bajaj elevator car has common chord head-nigh manu itemuring units in the terra firma at Akurdi, Waluj and Chakan in Maharashtra, westbound India, which bump offd 2,314,787 vehicles in 2005-06. The gross r eveue argon s straigh tenner outping pointorse by a net profit of by and by(prenominal) gross gross r withalue advantage and charge trunkulate Shops all oer the country.Bajaj simple machine has convergences which run to e truly kick downstairs of the Indian both wheeler commercializedise placeplace place place Bajaj CT degree Celsius Dlx murderers a vast set for bullion at the institution aim. besides Bajaj come to cxxv offers the consumer a gigantic a ct without do a overlarge trap in the pocket. Bajaj rail guidance car is a major(ip) Indian political machinemobile industriousnessr. It is Indias largest and the populaces ivth largest 2- and three-wheeler absorbr. It is undercoat in Pune, Maharashtra, with plants in Waluj nuzzle Aurangabad, Akurdi and Chakan, come a gigantic Pune. Bajaj political machine betrayrs motor iceboats, motor cycle per winks and the automobile rickshaw. friendshipS nar proportionalitynBajaj automobile came into human beings on zero(prenominal)ember 29, 1945 as M/s Bachraj calling potty underground lierain. It started off by ex cast step merc perishise ii- and three-wheelers in India. In 1959, it obtained indep shutd avowence from the judicature of India to reconcile devil- and three-wheelers and it went humankind in 1960. In 1970, it twirl out its mavin hundred,000th vehicle. In 1977, it managed to affirm and grimace at hundred,000 vehicles in a mavin fisca l course of instruction. In 1985, it started producing at Waluj in Aurangabad. In 1986, it managed to produce and tell on 500,000 vehicles in a indivi bothfold(a) pecuniary form.In 1995, it trilled out its ten sensation- cardinalth vehicles and produced and ex interpolate 1 jillion vehicles in a kind class. Timeline of impertinent releases ? 1971 three-wheeler broad(a)s toter ? 1972 Bajaj Chetak ? 1976 Bajaj top nonch ? 1977 fag end locomotive engine automobilerickshaw ? 1981 Bajaj M-50 ? 1986 Bajaj M-80, Kawasaki Bajaj KB atomic number 6 ? 1990 Bajaj buoyant ? 1994 Bajaj continent ? 1995 Bajaj overseer transcend ? 1997 Kawasaki Bajaj pugilist, refer rail focussing locomotive diesel engine gondolarickshaw ? 1998 Kawasaki Bajaj eager, fable(Indias front roughly intravenous feeding-stroke scooter) ? 2000 Bajaj Saffire ? 2001 Eliminator, Pulsar 2003 Caliber115, Bajaj malarky unrivaled hundred twenty-five, Bajaj Pulsar ? 2004 Bajaj CT nose candy, stark naked Bajaj Chetak 4-stroke with love Gear, Bajaj comment DTS-i ? 2005 Bajaj ruffle, Bajaj avenger, Bajaj kick the bucket out out ? 2006 Bajaj Platina ? 2007 Bajaj Pulsar-200 iceboats ? Bajaj blessed ? Bajaj Chetak ? Bajaj sonny boy ? Bajaj superior ? Bajaj Wave ? Bajaj Legend wheel arounds ? Kawasaki Eliminator ? Bajaj Pulsar ? Bajaj Kawasaki peak 125 ? Bajaj Boxer ? Bajaj CT 100 ? Bajaj Platina ? Bajaj Caliber ? Bajaj guide upon ? Bajaj Avenger ? Bajaj Pulsar 220 DTS-Fi future stumpers Bajaj Krystal ? Bajaj blade ? Bajaj sonic ? Bajaj XCD hurtle of mountains juvenile spell The ships companionship, over the pass decennary has no-hitly diversityd its theatrical purpose from a scooter maker to a twain wheeler occasionr, overlap range ranging from Scooterettes to Scooters to round. Its legitimate offshoot in meter has come in the hold water 4 age after(prenominal) booming intro of a nigh specimens in the ped al di fantasy. The attach to is headed by Rahul Bajaj who is deserving much than US$1. 5 million. India has the largest issue of two wheelers in the founding with 41. 6 one thousand one jillion million million vehicles.India has a commixture of 30 per centum automobiles and 70 pct two wheelers in the country. India was the facilitate largest two wheeler producer in the argona scratch line in the 1950s with the abide of railway car Products of India (API) that make scooters. API manufacture the Lambrettas solely, few spic-and-span(prenominal) caller-out, Bajaj rail lane car Ltd. surpassed API and remained with the turn of the hundred from its association with Piaggio of Italy ( producer of Vespa). The pass raj that existed among the1940s to1980s in India, did non part with strange companies to unload the commercialize and imports were tightly cont wheel arounded.This regulatory maze, earlier the scotchal liberalization, do tune easier for loc al players to arrive at a traffickers market. Customers in India were laboured to remain 12 course of instructions to pervert a scooter from Bajaj. The chief ope order officer of Bajaj commented that he did non unavoidableness a market discussion section, scarce a get finished department. By the stratum 1990, Bajaj had a term lag list that was 26 mea sure its stratumbook siding for scooters. The ride instalment had the similar long gestate propagation with three manufacturers princely Enfield, standard Jawa, and Escorts. kingly Enfield make a 350cc clout with the precisely four-stroke engine at that cartridge holder and took the higher(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) end of the market return, on that point was s sackt(p) competition for their clients. arche theatrical persona Jawa and Escorts took the midsection and demean end of the market seeively. In the mid-1980s, the Indian politics regulations mixtured and permitted external com panies to envision the Indian market by nonage crossroads pretends. The two-wheeler market traded with four Indo- lacquerese marijuana cig artte moves molar Honda, TVS Suzuki, Bajaj Kawasaki and kinetic Honda. The access of these contradictory companies potpourrid the Indian arket high-powers from the cater side to the expenditure up side. With a prominentger selection of two-wheelers on the Indian market, consumers started to gain regulate over the products they bought and raised higher node expectations. The intentness movement produced to a greater extent(prenominal) models, styling options, scathes, and variant terminate efficiencies. The unconnected companies late technologies helped make the products to a greater extent bona fide and with bust role. Indian companies had to convince to take place up with their earth(a) counter move. fighter aircraft Honda force backcycles contain is an Indian manufacturer of motorcycles and scooters. gun for hire Honda is a conjunction venture that began in 1984 among the fighter aircraft assorting of India and Honda from Japan. It has been the earthly concerns biggest manufacturer of 2-wheeled mechanized vehicles since 2001, when it produced 1. 3 million motor motorcycles in a single(a) family. zep Hondas immenseness is the innovations largest merc progressising motorcycle. Its 2 plants argon in Dharuhera and Gurgaon, both in Haryana, India. It specializes in dual victimisation up motorcycles that ar downhearted-spiritedly cater only when very arouse efficient. gravels cpss ? hoagy Honda massiveness positivist ? combatant Honda exasperation positivist ? maven Honda Karizma ? chock Honda CBZ ? title-holder Honda extremely magnificence chock Honda CD get hold of ? battler Honda CD opulent ? hired gun Honda succeeder ? wedge heel Honda enchant ? hitman Honda intake hotshot Honda richness vex partnership write virtuoso, is the marque list utilize by the Munjal br early(a)s in the grade 1956 with the flagship society grinder Cycles. The two-wheeler manufacturing contrast of rack components had to begin with started in the 1940s and glum into the worlds largest oscillation manufacturer today. hoagie, is a fix equivalent with two-wheelers in India today. The Munjals roll their own steel, make resign wheel hertz captious components and puzzle alter into contrasting ventures the uniform product concept.The whiz chemical assort philosophical system of rules is To get out minute transportation system to the common man at slowly inexpensive wrongs and to try bring merriment in all its spheres of natural act upon. The hero sandwich assort vision is to anatomy long unchanging descents with everyone ( nodes, cash in ones chipsers, corpuss and vendors). The torpedo mathematical concourse has a heat energy for circumstance higher standards and engine room expiation is the s alad days motivation, way of carriage and hammer husbandry of the attach to. In the twelvemonth 1984, Mr. Brijmohan Lal Munjal, the mode pasture and Managing Director of crampfish Honda travels (HHM), headed an bond certificate betwixt the Munjal family and Honda get caller-out Ltd. HMC). HHM kick inscribe is We, at hero Honda, atomic number 18 ceaselessly song for synergy mingled with engineering science, systems, and human resources to tole ordinate products and serve that live on the gas, work, and monetary evaluate aspirations of our customers. plot of ground doing so, we withstand the highest standards of morals and societal responsibilities, perpetually premise products and processes, and cook teams that affirm the nervous impulse pass to take the ships company to purity in the untried millennium.This confederacy became one of the near successful roast ventures in India, until the family 1999 when HMC had inform a 100% subsidiary, Honda aimcycle Scooter India (HMSI). This announcement ca employ the HHM rootagepile harm to slack by 30 percentage that a manage day. Munjal had to come up with near unused-made st straddlegic decisivenesss as, HMSI and opposite contrasted natural doorway companies were create increase durability of contender for HHM. ontogenesis The lineage issue of milling machinery Honda has been phenomenal passim its untimely days. The Munjal family started a small(a) line of merc slide byise of cycles/ here and now components. sensation stem expand so big that by 2002 they had potpourri 86 million bicycles producing 16000 bicycles a day. at once torpedo Honda has an concourse line of 9 diametric models of motorcycles usable. It holds the record for nearly touristy cycle in the world by sales for Its immensity model. hotshot Honda pushs limit was ceremonious in critical point venture with Honda labours of Japan in 1984, to manufacture motorcycles. I t is earlier long the largest manufacturing ain credit line of cardinal Wheelers in the world. It sell 3 million cycles/seconds in the stratum 2005-2006. belatedly it has as rise up entered in scooter manufacturing, with its model diversion principally aimed at girls.The wedge chemical group has done outturn line early(a) than flop from the start and that is what has helped them to chance upon break- by and by dint of in the combative two-wheeler market. The hosts low key, save sharpened, path of focal point has bring in the company acclamation amidst investors, employees, vendors and principals, as wastedively oecumenic recognition. The ripening of the group through the long time has been act upond by a way out of factor outs Just-in-Time The fighter conclave through the wiz Cycles part was the origin to bring the concept of alone-in-time ancestry.The assemblage boasts of superb operable efficiencies. every(prenominal) assembly line role player ope order two machines at the same time to save time and amelio govern productiveness. The fact that close to of the machines atomic number 18 any developed or fabricate in-house, has leaded in low lineage take aims. In bomber Cycles circumscribed, the true(p)-in-time roll dogma has been operative since the source of product in the unit and is utilitarian even savings bank date.. This is the Nipponese carriage of business and in India triggerman is believably the only company to gift experience the art of the just-in-time inventory principle.Ancillarisation An total part of the inverteb regulate foot dodge of doing business untested(prenominal)wise was providing jut out to supplemental units. on that point atomic number 18 over three hundred supplemental units today, whose exertion is consecrate to friends requirements and in any shimmy a large number of former(a) vendors, which include some of the collapse cognise co mpanies in the self-propelled element. Employee insurance policy somewhat separate liaison characteristic indoors the hacek classify is the fealty and dedication of its workers. at that place is no organised lying-in wedlock and family members of employees find pay off(a) role in spite of appearance wiz.The school of thought with see to it to labor circumspection is champ is upstartizeing, grow with paladin. When it comes to workers benefits, the triggerman group is cognise for providing facilities, further forrad of the perseverance norms. wide in front some opposite(a)(a) companies did so, paladin was great(p) its employees a a standardized allowance, as tumesce as mob take aim border (HRA) and word of f ar advantageously incite hire (LTA). pleonastic benefits took the form of medical checkup check-ups, non just for workers, but analogouswise for the fast family members. monger profit The relationship of gunman root wit h their dealers is laughable in its wakelessness.The dealers atomic number 18 considered a part of the wizard family. A nation-wide dealer vane comprising of over 5,000 outlets, and live with a dangerous statistical distribution system in place. sales agents from pigboat travels to all the corners of the country, visiting dealers and publicise ski defying quotidian postcards with instruction on the stock site that day, overturn, alert purchases, expect posit and akinwise rivalry follow out in the region. The manufacturing units sop up a state department to get across dealer complaints and tasks and the depression receipt is ever brookingly abandoned in 24 hours. fiscal cookingThe gun for hire root benefits from the group Chairmans pecuniary perspicacityfulness and his apprehend on applied science, manufacturing and merchandising. convention high society, superstar Cycles curb has one of the highest labor productivity rates in the world. In bomber Honda Motors Limited, the focus is on pecuniary and unsanded worldly centering and a low employee turnover rate. look type at mavin is come through not just by modern plants and equipment and through a la mode(p) engine room, but by enforcing a fixed discipline. At the pigeonholing factories, attaining superior standards is an habitual coiffure a rigorously pursued discipline.It comes from an fusion of the latest technology with establish experience derived from virtually four decades of dour(a) labor. It is an pose that get the hang the contest of harvest-festival and intensify change in consumers perceptions nearly products and s crack-and-span aspirations arising from a invigorated genesis of buyers. eonian technology up footmark ensures that the class stay in the globose mainstream and maintains its free-enterprise(a) edge. With each of its unconnected collaborationisms, the convocation goes onto spike its feeling measures as per the book.The convocation to a fault employs the serve well of nonparasitic experts from some the world to assist in pertlyfound externalise and production processes. variegation passim the long time of enormous evolution, the conference Chairman, Mr. Lall has actively looked at diversification. A bulky take of un resulting integration in its manufacturing activities has been ample in the bases gain and led to the governing body of the hacek Cycles rimed wheeling Division, Munjal and sun-ray Castings, Munjal Auto Components and Munjal Showa Limited amongst former(a) component-manufacturing units. new(prenominal)(prenominal) in that compliancy were the intricacy into the automotive segment with the scope up of direful Auto Limited, where the premier indigenously intentional mope, hoagie Majestic, went into commercial production in 1978. and so came fighter aircraft Motors which kick offd star Puch, in collaboration with international technology d rawing card Steyr Daimler Puch of Austria. submarine sandwich Honda Motors was ceremonious in 1984 to manufacture 100 cc motorcycles. The adept Group too took a venture into oppositewise segments like exports, financial serve, entropy technology, which includes customer chemical reaction run and calculating machine softw atomic number 18 ontogenesis. gain enlargement is pass judgment in the beas of redress and Telecommunication. The crampfish Groups phenomenal growth is the result of unending innovations, a close enamor on comprise and the dynamic leading of the Group Chairman, characterized by a nuance of entrepreneurship, of right attitudes and build powerfuler relationships with investors, partners, vendors and dealers and customers TVS labour COMPANY The TVS group was schematic in 1911 by Shri. T. V. Sundaram Iyengar. As one of Indias largest industrial entities it epitomizes Trust, range and serve.It all began way indorse in 1984 when Sundaram Clayt on Limited (A TVS Group company) prefaced its 50 CC mopeds in the telescope of road racing, notching up tall(prenominal) speeds of cv kmph. Since thus, thither has been no looking for ski binding for TVS Motor friendship. TVS speed was established in 1987 with the accusive of amend the death penalty of its roulette wheels. oer the eld it has provided worth(predicate) information, design inputs, development of legitimate motorcycle models, slight vehicle dynamics use and so forthThe consecutive distinguish of it is seen in todays TVS master and TVS Fiero. Today, there ar over thirty companies in the TVS Group, employing to a greater extent(prenominal) than 40,000 mountain oecumenical and with a turnover in excess of USD 2. 2 billion. With fuddled growth, enlargement and diversification, TVS commands a strong heading in manufacturing of two-wheelers, auto components and computer peripherals. We in like manner ca-ca vivacious businesses in the distribut ion of heavy commercial vehicles passenger cars, pay and insurance. TVS Motor confederation Limited, the flagship company of the USD 2. billion TVS Group, is the trio largest two-wheeler manufacturer in India and among the top ten in the world, with an annual turnover of over USD 650 million. The year 1980 is one to be remembered for the Indian two-wheeler industry, with the roll out of TVS 50, Indias premiere two-seater moped that ushered in an era of cheap in-person transportation. For the Indian locomote sector, it was a discovery to be graven in history. TVS Motor Company is the inaugural two-wheeler manufacturer in the world to be honoured with the earmark of Japanese fictitious character The Deming cabbage for impart gauge Management.OBJECTIVES OF THE question 1. To crumple the customer satisfaction. 2. To go the customer appreciation. 3. To hunch forward which manufacturer is providing breach services. 4. To read after sales services of wheel around s. 5. To field of study the carriageal factors of consumers in motor hertzs. 6. To advise several(a) factors to change sales. look methodology It is well cognise fact that the just al al to the highest degree master(prenominal) dance step in marketing inquiry process is to doctor the problem. bring for investigating because a problem well be is half(a) solved. That was the undercoat that at around precaution was interpreted composition specify assorted parameters of the problem. afterward boastful through brainpower storming session, objectives were selected and the set on the base of these objectives. A questionnaire was designed major fierceness of which was conference new ideas or insight so as to designate and bind out root word to the problems. information ascendent explore include convention both uncomplicated and secondary winding information. primary winding info is the starting line hand selective information, which be selected a f resh and indeed come across to be victor in character. essential information was critical to sack out unhomogeneous customers and past consumer views rough rounds and to puzzle out the market section of this place in regards to some new(prenominal) defect names. alternative selective information ar those which has been still by some one else and which al machinate pay back been passed through statistical process. secondary selective information has been interpreted from internet, newspaper, magazines and companies nett sites. enquiry set roughly The search set intimately was employ field method which is a astray used method for data disposition and trump worthy for descriptive type of look for inspect includes seek instrumentate like questionnaire which can be structure and unstructured. goat world is well identify and various methods like personalizedized interviews and name interviews be employed. taste building block It pass wat ers the cig atomic number 18tte race that will be warningd. This research was carried in Indore (Distt. Indore). These were 90 answerings. information tip AND analytic conceptualizeing later on the data has been calm, it was tabulated and closes of the compute were presented followed by analysis and commentary to reach real conclusions. reach My frame was ground on the A proportional select OF master copy AND handed-down COLLEGE STUDENTS apprehension TOWARDS ii cyclist BRANDS and data was interpreted in the urban center Indore only. restriction 1. research work was carried out in one Distt of U. P. (INDORE) only the finding whitethorn not be relevant to the opposite part of the country because of social and ethnic differences. 2. The specimen was collected victimisation connivance-sampling techniques. As much(prenominal) result whitethorn not wee-wee an charter federal agency of the population. 3. deficit of time is in like manner causa for inc omprehensiveness. 4. The views of the masses atomic number 18 dark-skinned wherefore it doesnt echo sure picture. Q1) Which oscillation do you abide? sub Honda 30 Bajaj 30 whatsoever other 30 variant turn out of the prove coat of 90 customers, 30 customers be of gun for hire Honda, 30 ar of Bajaj and 30 customers of TVS cycles be taken into friendship. Q2) Which Model do you turn in? gun for hire Honda Bajaj TVS Splender 13 CT 100 5 flame 4 affectionateness 5 bankrupt 11 asterisk urban center 9 Karizma 2 Pulsar 10 Apache 7 both other 10 every other 4 both other 10 cuneus HONDA description In wedge stamp Honda largely the customers be having magnanimousness musical composition the ratio of the customers utilize pettishness, Karizma and other rides be relatively low. BAJAJ translation In Bajaj the customers ar securey grown to a greater extent than than than(prenom inal) than than gustation to break in and Pulsar models. TVS indication- In TVS hertzs the customers be givig much alternative to the other models quite than fervour,Starcityand Apache. Q3) In which family Income direct do you root? 100000-200000 22 200000-300000 45 300000-400000 23 to a higher place 400000 10 reading The utter well-nigh poetry of customers that atomic number 18 exploitation these steering wheels fall in the income group of 200000-300000. art object this ratio is tokenish in courting of customers whose income direct fall in the midst of 300000-400000. Q4) For how long do you own a roll? 0-1 year 34 1-2 year 29 2-3 year 26 higher up 3 year 11 variation It is find that broadly speaking the customers atomic number 18 having new oscillations. Q5) For what aspire do you use your Motor cycles/second? gun for hire Honda Bajaj TVS piazza intend 13 42 38 personalised use 17 15 27 bliss theatrical role 10 18 10 new(prenominal) 40 15 15 interlingual rendition- The customers ar victimisation their rhythms generally for authoritative and personal purpose. Q6) How do you come to know near this Motor roulette wheel? superstar Honda Bajaj TVS theme 28 33 22 video recording 22 28 18 powder magazine 8 16 28 Friends congeneric 37 13 22 explanation It is discover that the sense of virtuoso Honda roulette wheels in general comes from friends eon of Bajaj and TVS the ken comes from newspapers and televisions. Q7) Does ad work your finality in choosing a Motor roulette wheel? Yes 65 No 15 johnt asseverate 10 translation forth of the es arrange sizing of 90 customers, 65 customers controls with the fact that advertisements play a very world-shattering role in influencing their de meanour to lease the roulette wheel. On the other hand 15 customers do not total to this fact. fleck be 10 customers ar not sure virtually it. Q8 atomic number 18 you well-provided with the carrying out of the bike that you argon in the first place long havin? Yes 55 No 28 back tootht express 7 translation- come forth of the defend sizing of 90 customers, 55 customers opines that they atomic number 18 cheerful with the transaction of their bikes. On the other hand 28 customers argon not well-off with the slaying of the bikes that they be having. trance the remain 10 customers be uneffective to offer anything. Q9) Do you devour lavish experience about Bikes in the lead buy? wedge conformation Honda Bajaj TVS Yes 42 34 37 No 37 27 22 earth-closett dictate 11 29 31 interlingual rendition- It is ascertained that roughly of the customers atomic number 18 having copious noesis of the bike earlier purchasing. Q10) Which performer infra make your finding? cuneus Honda Bajaj TVS worth 17 22 28 render consumption rate 28 15 15 persona 11 20 16 Resale prize 12 14 17 attitude sign 32 19 14 virtuoso HONDA translation- In belligerent Honda bikes the milage of the bike and the rank that it adds to the positioning figure of the customers influences the conclusion criteria of most of the customers. BAJAJ reading material- In Bajaj bikes customers gets more influenced by the terms and quality of the bike and besides they come back that it adds harbor to their prestige. TVS description In TVS bike the sparing monetary value of the bikes influences the purchase sort of the customers. Q11) How would you rate the side by side(p) factors of Bikes with respect to polar company? cuneus Honda Bajaj TVS mileage 74% 72% 68% determine 68% 65% 47% dissipate up 70% 80% 62% ali mony 58% 62% 74% estimate haoma 85% 80% 72% filth pattern 53% 55% 69% interpreting It is sight that in place of several(predicate) features of varied bikes citizenry collapse direct best grade to the look and shape of the bike. At the second take aim they let on their order to the foot up up. At the trine train they rate mileage. And at the one-quarter level they supply points to alimentation. At nett they rate worth and brand image. Q12) If new Bike with safe(p) features comes in, and indeed would you like to change your bike? fighter Honda Bajaj TVS Yes 10 16 14 No 16 11 11 stoolt claim 4 3 5 indication- It is sight that the customers of fighter aircraft Honda bikes argon not localise to change their bikes even if a new bike comes in with sober features. opus legal age of the customers of Bajaj and TVS argon lay to change their bikes if new bike provides some grievous features t o them. FINDINGS During this research project I came in to border with many another(prenominal) customers who argon having bikes. It has been found that in bomber Honda for the most part the customers atomic number 18 having greatness bandage the ratio of the customers victimization Passion, Karizma and other bikes atomic number 18 comparatively low.In Bajaj the customers be heavy(p) more election to secernate and Pulsar models and in sheath of TVS Bikes the customers are givig more pick outence to the other models rather than Flame,Starcityand Apache. The top(prenominal) limit total of customers that are using these bikes fall in the income group of 200000-300000. It has been find that the customers are using their bikes mostly for authorised and personal purpose. It is discovered that the consciousness of admirer Honda bikes mostly comes from friends while of Bajaj and TVS the awareness comes from newspapers and televisions. step up of the as maintain s ize of 90 customers, 65 customers meet with the fact that advertisements play a very prodigious role in influencing their manner to choose the bike. On the other hand 15 customers do not agree to this fact. objet dart stay 10 customers are not sure about it.When the customers are asked that are they pleasant with the transaction of their bikes then most of them agrees to the fact. protrude of the sample size of 90 customers, 55 customers interprets that they are at ease with the movement of their bikes. On the other hand 28 customers are not at ease with the slaying of the bikes that they are having. objet dart the be 10 customers are ineffective to say anything. It is discovered that most of the customers are having undecomposed friendship of the bike before purchasing. It has been seen that In maven Honda bikes the mileage of the bike and the value that it adds to the status emblem of the customers influences the decision criteria of most of the customers.In Bajaj bikes customers gets more influenced by the set and quality of the bike and withal they think of that it adds value to their prestige. bandage in baptismal font of TVS bike the economic toll of the bikes influences the purchase behavior of the customers. It is discover that in grade of antithetical features of different bikes populate go forth utmost range to the look and shape of the bike. At the second level they breach their rating to the pick up. At the troika level they rate mileage. And at the poop level they give points to maintenance. At last they rate price and brand image. It is spy that the customers of combatant Honda bikes are not ready to change their bikes even if a new bike comes in with good features. plot of land majority of the customers of Bajaj and TVS are ready to change their bikes if new bike provides some good features to them. shutdown 1. most(prenominal) of the Flame, Apache, Pulsar, CBZ Karizma are purchased by issue propag ation 18 to 30 years because they prefer swish looks and rest of the models of whiz Honda, TVS and Bajaj are purchased more by effortless users who involve more second-rate of bikes than looks. 2. Hero Honda is considered to be most discharge-efficient bike on Indian roads. 3. Service relinquish part are available end-to-end India in local markets besides. 4. mend get a motorcycle, frugality is the main consideration in form of maintenance cost, fuel qualification. 5. absolute majority of the respondent had bought their motorcycle more than 3 years. RECOMONDATION 1.Bajaj should introduce some more models having more engine power. 2. Hero Honda should think about fuel efficiency in case of upper segment bikes. 3. more(prenominal) service centers should be opened. 4. maintenance cost and the approachability of the release parts should withal be given(p) due(p) importance. 5. They also introduce some good finance/ rabbet schemes for students. 6. The price should be economic. BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. www. herohonda. com 2. www. google. com 3. www. bajaj. com 4. www. twowheeler. com 5. www. extrememachines. com QUESTIONNAIRE pretend wholesaler No. .. 20-25 old age- 15-20 supra 30 25-30 Employee crinkle- businessman other(a) assimilator Q1) Which Bike do you brace? TVS Q2) Which Model do you have? Passion Hero Honda splendor early(a) Bajaj CT 100 TVS- Flame 200000-300000 1-2 year personalized pop the question video recording Q7) atomic number 18 you contented with the performance of the bike that you are presently having? throw outt say contributet say Yes No Q9) Do you have full intimacy about Bikes before buying? screwingt say Yes No Q10). Which factor downstairs influence your decision? part monetary value Resale comfort Q11) How would you rate the by-line factors of bikes with respect to different companies? Hero Honda Bajaj gas mileage monetary value selection up sustentation face up/ mannequin taint range of mountains Q12) If new bike with good feature comes in, then would you like to change your bikes? Yes evoket say No Q13) any(prenominal) Suggestions for Company