The Marble Champ

As I began reading the story The Marble Champ by Gary Soto, I realized that the main character, Lupe Medrano, often compares herself to others. As a result, she feels badly about her athletic abilities. She seems to think that she's only good at something in which she can win. Right at the start of the story, Lupe's accomplishments are impressive. But all Lupe seems to notice is that she cannot run as fast as the other girls in school. Another example of Lupe comparing herself to others is when she describes her trouble with team sports. The text clearly says that Lupe was â€Å"no good at sports. † Lupe seems embarrassed that she isn't the star player of the team. Lupe also feels badly that she only recently learned to ride a bike, could only walk in a swimming pool, and rollerblade if her dad held her hand. This shows that Lupe is frustrated that she isn't the best at everything. As Lupe began to think about these things, she had the idea of learning to play marbles. She made the decision to teach herself to play and began feeling hopeful about being good at something which she can compete against others. This reminds me of myself when I am feeling out of practice in something. I compare myself to other people and feel insecure. But when I focus on my positive qualities, I find that I can do a good job. I hope Lupe keeps up her good attitude and feels proud of herself soon.

Margaret Atwoods’ short story “The Resplendent Quetzal” Essay

â€Å"The Resplendent Quetzal†, by Margaret Atwood, is the story of Sarah and Edward, a disparaging husband and wife, who lost their child at birth and consequently lost their love for one another. This story focuses on the individual way that they dealt with the same tragedy and how it led them to become who they are today. Atwood uses symbolism and descriptive character analysis to show how far the degeneration of their relationship has gone. They both continue with their superficial relationship, unable to face the emotional scars of their past because they are too afraid of the reparations it will generate for the future. Sarah is self-described as â€Å"comely† (271). She views everything Edward does with disdain and contempt, a view that stems from the blame she places on him for their baby’s death. His thrifty spending exasperates her: they travel via bus, stay in cheap hotels and instead of going to a â€Å"perfectly nice [restaurant] in the village where they were staying† (HASF 275) he insists they go to a â€Å"seedy, linoleum-tiled hutch† (275). Edward bores her with his so-called obsessions; he never sticks with them (except the birds). She too â€Å"had once herself been one of his obsessions† (271). Sarah views Edward as a â€Å"total idiot† (272), given the fact that he always appears to fall for her bird trick, which in turn insults, yet even more so, confuses Edward. â€Å"For someone [Sarah] so devious, she was often incredibly stupid† (272). Sarah represses her festering emotions by being curt and contemptuous, creating a starched, barel y functional relationship. Sarah’s continuous belittlement of Edward drives him to be continuously occupied. Subsequently he appears to be an on the go, eager to learn man, busying himself with his job as a Grade 6 teacher and his ever-changing hobbies. He cannot face the emotional pain of the loss of the baby either, but more so, he does not know how to deal with Sarah’s emotional nastiness. Vulnerable and weak, Edward succumbs to Sarah’s degrading behaviour for he cannot accept or understand what their relationship has become. The location of the story symbolizes the state of their marriage. The story is set at the site of ancient Mayan ruins somewhere in Mexico, now overrun with big-hatted American tourists and gold-toothed Mexican guides. The main  attraction of the site is an ancient Mayan sacrificial well. It is large and mud-brown with â€Å"a few clumps of reeds† growing in the murky water. Sarah had envisioned something more like a wishing well, not this primitive, swamp-like hole in the ground. Sarah’s expectations of what the well would look like symbolize what she thinks her and Edwards relationship should have turned out to be like. Instead, she is just disappointed. The Mayan ruins symbolize the remains of their marriage. The foundation and its structures have been destroyed leaving nothing but a dysfunctional pile of rubble. In an attempt to escape from the truth of their marriage, the Edward and Sarah go on vacation. To be on vacation is to go somewhere out of the ordinary and to take a break from ones everyday life. This is what Sarah and Edward hoped to do by going to Mexico, to get away from the unhappy reality of their marriage. They tried to escape the real world by entering a superficial one. The westernization of the village they are staying in and the commercialization of the Mayan ruins represent their superficial world. The â€Å"authentic† Mexican diner where they ate had a radio shaped like Fred Flintstone playing American pop songs, a crà ¨che with an eclectic collection of holy figurines and a TV playing a dubbed version of â€Å"The Cisco Kid†. The Mayan site was swarming with foreign tourists with their generic guidebooks, straw hats and large â€Å"tasteless† (276) handbags. Both places covered up the natural, real world for a supposed more appealing and beneficial one. The real world is seen in the ancient well, the ruined pyramids, and the fleas whose bites â€Å"swell-up† (271) on Edwards legs. Reality is less appealing but will continue to exist whether it is acknowledged or not. As Sarah sits alone by the well, she remembers the early days of her and Edward’s relationship. He had shared with her his love of birds, and she realizes that back then that she actually had been â€Å"touched and interested† (271) when he confided this in her. When she had gotten pregnant â€Å"she’d taken meticulous care of herself† (279), fearing that her baby would be born with a deformity or worse. Instead, it had been a normal child, its death a freak accident. â€Å"There was†¦no one to blame, except, obscurely Edward† (279). Sarah’s reaction to their baby’s death was nonchalant: â€Å"‘Well, that’s that,’ she had said in the hospital afterwards† (279). Edward had been the  one to cry, not her. She simply bottled up her pain and sadness, hiding it from Edward and herself. Thus, began the slow disintegration of their relationship. To Edward it now seemed Sarah was always waiting or looking for something, maybe her â€Å"lost† (279) child. After the baby’s death, Edward seemed to lose interest in her. Sarah saw him emotionally desert her, leaving her â€Å"alone with the corpse† (279). Edward had at first tried to be emotionally supportive of Sarah. He pushed for another child, thinking maybe it would erase the past and bring back the happiness they had both once shared. Instead, she only distanced herself from him. Sarah could not understand how Edward could ask her for another baby, â€Å"it was too much for anyone to expect of her† (279); this fuelled her growing distaste for him. Edward now clings to the false hope of another child and another chance at happiness; he does not want to admit failure. Neither Sarah nor Edward wishes to be involved with each other, they both know that their relationship is not a relationship anymore; it is not even a convenience. The problem is that neither wishes to take the route of separation because they both know the pain it will trigger. This causes them only to fantasize about life without the other. Sarah wishes Edward dead; it is not that she wants him to die, she just cannot â€Å"imagine any other way for him to disappear† (274). Edward fantasizes himself as King Kong, â€Å"picking Sarah up and hurling her over the edge†¦into the sacrificial well† (273). His thoughts then turn to changing Sarah’s appearance; even in his fantasy, she is not fit for sacrifice. Edward’s fantasy parallels Sarah throwing of the stolen, plaster baby Jesus into the well. The sacrificial nature of it is Sarah’s attempt to throw away the bane of her existence–the death of her baby. With it, she throws down all hope and happiness, leaving her with nothing but pain and grief. Sarah is forced to momentarily face reality: her baby is gone and is not coming back. It is a poignant moment of self-truth for her. She breaks down and starts crying, unable to deal with the repressed emotions that are welling up inside almost breaking through the surface. However, as Edward approaches  Sarah regains her poise, the emotions sent to retreat into the depths of her being. For reasons unbeknown, she cannot show the man, whom she swore to share a life with, the true extent of her grief. Ironically, Edward wishes for nothing but for Sarah to let down her wall, yet when he sees her crying he does not know how to react. â€Å"‘This isn’t like you,’ Edward said pleading, as if that was a final argument that would snap her out of it and bring back the old, calm Sarah† (280). He lacks the courage to confront her emotions, which would in turn cause him to confront his own. Sarah’s unhappiness stems from the loss of the baby. Edwards’ unhappiness stems from Sarah’s contempt of him. â€Å"The Resplendent Quetzal† addresses the different reactions of people to the same initial crisis and the effect it has on their relationship. Edward and Sarah both faced the same trauma, but instead of coming together and jointly overcoming the problem, they use it as a weapon against each other. Their relationship engages only feelings of hate and frustration for one another. The story ends without a conclusion. Sarah recovers from her moment of distress and â€Å"[smoothes] her skirt† (280), resuming her standard functional relationship with Edward. She then asks Edward if he had found his bird. Sarah had said that the one bird she wanted to see on their trip was the Resplendent Quetzal. It is obvious that neither of them will find their â€Å"bird† on this trip. Their bird is the happiness of their past that they sacrificed by repressing their problems and fears.

Characteristic and performance of the video game Industry Essay

A detailed analysis of the video games industry, the relationship between the console, the developer and the gamer and the case studies of Nintendo, Sony and Microsoft has conclusively proved the hypothesis that a symbiotic relationship exists in the video games industry between the console, developer and the consumer which impacts on the overall growth and performance of the business and will also have an effect on future trends. A survey of data analysis will reveal that there are excellent prospects for growth of the console video gaming industry despite threats from other areas of the same business such as online and mobile gaming. The details of the research outcome and the salient conclusions and recommendations are as per succeeding paragraphs. The overall growth of video and computer games world wide is likely to grow from $ 27,000 million to approximately $ 54, 000 million or double during a period of three years from 2005 to 2008. The console video games industry is set to grow from $ 15,000 million in 2005 to over $ 20, 000 million in 2008. This is a growth of over 30 percent which is likely to surpass the growth in all other segments of entertainment. This growth is driven by the popularity of console games in general as well as certain technological factors such as development of online console gaming facilitated by upgraded consoles and broadband connections which can facilitate easy transfer of images and videos. Apart from this economic factor, there are other profound changes which will come about in society as predicted by Doug Lowenstein who has indicated that it would transform the total social and cultural thinking in the years ahead. (Conference, 2000). The numerous voices raised against the growth of video games and their influence on children in America has decried the growth of this industry. Such protests and developments will certainly affect the growth of the video industry and it is likely to create more benign games in the future. Of greater concern to social scientists is the inculcation of hyper competition and deviant sexual values in children due to games. (Squire, 2002). This issue is likely to place pressure on the gaming industry to ensure that it follows the norms set by bodies such as the industry content regulator, Entertainment Software Rating Board (ESRB) in America. Another important facet is content creation and retailing online. This mode will develop at much faster pace than at present. This will enable greater participation of gamers and will consolidate the existing relationship between the console, the developer and the gamer. Technology as the MMOG will further boost the growth of the industry as well as the relationship between the stake holders in its growth. Relationship between console, developer and consumer The research has conclusively established a positive relationship between console, developer and consumer. Video gaming is a highly interactive process in that there has been a total shift in the relationship between the producer of goods, the developers of content and those who are partaking off that content, the gamers. This relationship has become of mutual support rather than of give and take. The mediums used for such an interaction have been consciously developed in some cases as Nintendo which started with a special magazine and has now come up with various other actions to support the developer as well as the consumer in providing the company effective inputs for development of games. A similar trend has been observed in the case of Sony and Microsoft. The growth of the internet has further added to the impetus and this will be supplemented by on line gaming which is providing gamers an opportunity to respond actively to their entertainment requirements. The response of all companies has been active in fostering this relationship. The other aspect is the active involvement of console and developers. While all major console producers have in house developers, they are including the information technology behemoth; Microsoft actively seeking the assistance from external developers. Companies have fostered special programs as Game Play Counselors and Digipen to cultivate the loyalty of the developer community along with community participation program called as NSider forum by Nintendo.

Communication in Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 3

Communication in Economics - Essay Example It is, hence, no surprise that, as of this writing, statistics showed that more than half of the total population of Zimbabwe is now living below poverty line. â€Å"According to the Confederation of Zimbabwe Industry, some 620 companies have closed shop since July 2000. The unemployment rate is at 80 percent and the official inflation rate has officially topped 782 percent, by far the highest in the world, while the International Monetary Fund puts the real rate at more than 900 percent† (Chigugu, 2006) The IMF has emphasized on the needs and urged the Zimbabwe government to implement certain policies. These policies according to IMF should aim at â€Å"strong fiscal adjustment; cutting state expenditure; full liberalization of the exchange rate regime; adoption of a strong monetary anchor by reducing money supply; fundamental structural reform, including price deregulation and public enterprise reform; strengthening of property rights and halting invasions of commercial farmland; and improvements in governance.† By the year 2005, the International Monetary Fund has already rang the alarm bells about the economic state of Zimbabwe. The interest rate was on a record of seventy percentages in year 2005 while the inflation was more than three hundred and fifty percentage. The IMF further underscored the fact that the country’s gross domestic product will likely shrink another seven percent this year while some economists predict that by years end inflation could reach 1,000%. (Franceschi, 2005) And so if these problems are left unchecked, the IMF predicted an economic collapse very soon. These highlighted how poor the condition of Zimbabwe’s economy has become. Not a few literature has explored the case of Zimbabwe and its political and economic system as well as its future. For this paper, I start with the fact that Zimbabwe governmental policies in place are self-destructive in a way that repressive political and economic

Consumer Psychology Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Consumer Psychology - Assignment Example When you think of a candy, the brand should produce saliva in your mouth. M & Ms had created their popular slogan " Melts in your mouth, not in your hands", to activate the memory of the buyer to think of their product. In the case of Hershey's they have all along been associating their flagship brand Kissables, with popular shape, but with different sizes and colors, more particularly with their signature wrapping. The Associative network model of memory is the common way that the consumer researchers have conceptualized the organization of brands and brand related information in memory. (Curtis P. Haugtvedt, et al, 2008) That way both these candy marketers have applied well the activation models of memory in creating their brand equity. Activation models can primarily of two types, viz., discrete and continuous. Discrete activation models help remembering the utility of the particular product right at the time of buying and continuous activation models create growing interest in the minds of the consumer to buy that product at times of need [Yantis S, Meyer CE, 1988, 26-02-2009()] This is a war of brand equity. And, at the root of these marketing effects is consumers' knowledge. In other words, consumers' knowledge about a brand makes consumers respond differently to the marketing of the brand. The study of brand equity is increasingly popular as some marketing researchers have concluded that brands are one of the most valuable assets that a company has [Wikipedia, 26-02-2009()] Hershey's Kissables has a brand image with its signature wrapping. However, the CEO of the Company wonders if the comfort level of the consumer was reduced in the process of unwrapping the candy and so the consumer might choose a some other brand that would make the candy instantaneously melt in his mouth. So, he plans to shift the pattern of wrapping. The advantage part of it is that it might work. It is easy to unwrap and it is spoken high time immemorial. On the other hand, as the question itself suggests, it might take away the customer who is used to buy Kissables for its tight wrappers. Hershey's must take strategic efforts to introduce this change.. Kenichi Ohmae has very beautifully illustrated in his book 'The mind of a Strategist', as to how the roll film maker changed its less attractive brand name, first by introducing a new specification of 16 exposure film. Perhaps, Hershey's should promote the product in terms of good slogans activating the memory of the consumer as t o how the same standard is provided, with an additional advantage of easy unwrapping. 3 How might Hershey's use a nostalgia campaign to promote Kisses and/or Kissables In the political scenario, nostalgic appeals are a way to channel contemporary anxieties [ Michael Schaffer, 26-02-2009(http://www.tnr.com/politics)] This is true with regard to consumer behavior as well. The company is 100 years old and enjoys a nostalgic reputation all throughout. It was in existence even when sliced bread had not come into existence. Even

Persuasive synthesis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Persuasive synthesis - Research Paper Example However, it is possible to treat and cure cancer when discovered during its early stages through chemotherapy. This scientific process uses radioactive rays to kill the cancerous tumors that form part of the cancer. There are several types of cancer; these include breast cancer, prostate cancer, and vaginal cancer. Nowadays cancer has become the most deadly disease in the world, attributed to causing deaths of several notable figures in the world, e.g. Steve Jobs, founder and CEO of Apple Company. The relatives of these people suffer from various challenges. This is because the thought of their suffering relative really paints a negative impact in their physical, emotional, and mental status, thereby causing them a lot of pain (Ronda, Talley, McCorkle and Baile). The patient requires total attention from their relatives. This is because the cancerous cells usually eat up his body and mind leaving him weak both physically and psychologically. Therefore, the relatives have to come around to fill this void by being there for their sick relative. They have to spend a lot of time attending to them. This means they must shelve all their other engagements in order to be with the patient at the hour of need. This is in itself suffering because it denies them an opportunity to pursue other matters. In addition to being there for the patients, the relatives may sometimes lack sleep because they have to stay awake to keep the Patient Company especially if they have no sleep due to extreme pain or extreme depression. (Ronda, Talley, McCorkle and Baile). Furthermore, since they cannot nurse their patient away from home, they have to complete all scheduled work outside their homes. This is to allow them ample time to attend to the patient when they get back home. The emotional pain they encounter comes from their desire to satisfy the patient, who in most cases has lost all the hope in life. They have to make him feel important and loved so that they can give

Valuation Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Valuation - Research Paper Example In 2011, Coca-Cola was also recognized as the most valuable brand in the world on the basis of Interbrand’s best global brand. Pepsi Corporation Pepsi Corporation is another American based multinational enterprise that operates in the food and beverage industry. Headquarter of Pepsi is in Purchase, New York. The company was formed in 1965 and since that time it has expanded its brands to more than 200 countries. Pepsi is the fifth largest food and beverage company in the world in terms of total revenue however in the North American region it is the largest company. There are more than 285 thousand employees working for Pepsi around the world. INDUSTRY ANALYSIS Food and beverage industry includes food production, distribution, retailing and catering of food and beverages. The total value of this industry in the year 2008 was $5.7 trillion. The growth rate of the industry is expected to increase at a CAGR of 3.5% and it is estimated that the total value of this industry would re ach up to $7 trillion by the end of 2014 (IMAP, 4). As other industry suffered because of financial crisis, food and beverage industry was also one of the victims of recession. ... Cola Corporation is considered to be the seventh most important company in the industry with total revenue of $31.9 billion and net income of $5.8 billion. The industry is lead by Nestle with total revenue of $101.8 billion which has grown by 13.5% in 2010 from 2009. The net profit of Nestle in 2010 was $16.7 billion. Other important players in the market are Bunge ltd, Unilever Archer-Daniels Midland Kraft Foods Tyson Foods Mars Inc Kirin Holdings etc. The future of this industry is bright as the economy is currently recovering from recession and many companies are planning to expand their businesses and acquire firms in the industry. Pepsi acquired a Brazilian based coconut water manufacturer company, Amacoco Nordeste while minority shares of Zico LLC were bought by Coca Cola thus reflecting potential in the industry. S&P 500 and Dow Jones US indexes indicate that the industry would grow with the passage of time as it is reflected in the following graph. (Source: IMAP, 4) FINANCIAL ANALYSIS Financial Highlights of Coca-Cola The revenues of Coca Cola Company have increased in 2010 from 2009 by 13% which has helped the company in improving its profitability considerably by 73%. The revenues of the company although decreased in 2009 in comparison to 2008 but still the company was able to generate 18% more profits than 2008 which reflected that the company was able to cut off several expenses and costs. In addition to this, the earning per share of the company has been increasing with an increasing rate since 2008. Earning per share increased by 18% in 2009 and then it increased by 74% in 2010 reflecting positive future of the company. 2010 Change in % 2009 Change in % 2008 Revenues 35,119 13% 30,990 -3% 31,944 Operating Profit 8,449 3% 8,231 -3% 8,446 Net Profit 11,809

Company Research -JP Morgan Chase Bank Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Company -JP Morgan Chase Bank - Research Paper Example Since its foundation in the year 1799, the company has excelled in every field as a financial establishment. It was established on the foundation of more than 1200 antecedent organizations. The amalgamation of these organizations has led to the formation of today’s JP Morgan Chase & Co. However the real formation occurred in the year 2000 when JP Morgan & Co. and The Chase Manhattan Corp were merged as a single company. This merger brought together four largest banking organizations i.e. JP Morgan, Chemical, Chase and Manufacturers Hanover under the umbrella of JP Morgan Chase & CO (JP Morgan Chase, â€Å"History of Our Firm†). Aaron Burr & J. Pierpont Morgan is the two persons behind the foundation of JP Morgan Chase & Co. The company over the years has seen unprecedented growth in its stature and structure. It has grown immensely in terms of its assets which now stand at $2 trillion and still increasing. All this has not been achieved overnight but with business principles based on sheer dedication, hard work, creating a friendly working environment and last but not the least the innovation factor. Along with success the company has also had its share of hiccups. It faced a major setback when it was accused for being involved in manipulation of mortgage papers related to insolvent cases and had to be bailed out after the recession of 2008. Despite this JP Morgan has been rated as one of the most desired company to work with apart from being the best in terms of job satisfaction for the employees and has a long list of accomplishments. JP Morgan Chase & Co. has reached the pinnacle of financial services not only in the native USA but across the globe. This can very well be supported with the finances of the organization over the past one year. The company’s total assets were calculated to be $2,265,792,000 (as of 31 December, 2011).The company has seen no negative goodwill which reaffirms its dominance in the business world. The stock prices of the

Chinese Environmental Programs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Chinese Environmental Programs - Essay Example In this report we assess the tremendous environmental impact that industrialization has caused in the People’s Republic of China and how the Chinese government has concentrated on getting regulations and enforcement in place to reduce the extreme degradation that industries were bringing about in the environment. Here is a quick review of the nature of regulations that the Chinese government has been employing recently. The air was found to have heavy precipitation and highly convectional temperature swings in all parts of China. This was a direct result of the obnoxious gases that are released to the environment in the form of factory and automobile exhausts. The use of smoke filters was the very first regulation that China imposed on its automobile users, which was also accompanied by the restriction of ammonia rich fuels and raw materials in factories. This has helped reduce the level of precipitation to a great extent, although acid rains are reported in parts of the country still (MEPPRC, 2009, 56). The release of gases like sulphur dioxide and carbon monoxide has been controlled by applying strict regulations to papermaking, steelmaking, power supply industries. This has led to the reduction of their content in the atmosphere by millions of tons. The country is full of rivers and it has been noticed that industrial releases like the ammonium and manganese wastes have caused enough harm to the flora and fauna found in the rivers. There is no doubt that, the river waters have turned poisonous not just for these creatures, but also for us. The governmental bodies have tested water of all the major rivers and have devised a national monitoring system that assesses the quality of water in each river and grades it. Grade V which is the highest order in terms of drinking safety is found in only a meager 2.3% of the river water that is found in China (MEPPRC, 2009, 26). Since the river water is undergoing extreme

Ethics 2 Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Ethics 2 - Article Example There are however, certain limitations, which restrains from the research being a complete empirical study. Firstly, the sample chosen is from one geographical community in Canada. Secondly, the industries chosen does not cover certain important sectors like fashion and hotel industry, which needs to maintain their CSR activities too. Yet, it might be noted that the main sectors, which are highly accountable to the social values, are taken into consideration. Thirdly, the sample size chosen is 16 people from positions of leadership only. A general view of the employees and executives should have been collected in order to judge the awareness towards CSR even at the base level in the industries. Rules and policies are easily formulated but the implementation is brought about through proper level of awareness and responsibility. The empirical study conducted here simply points out a region specific case study involving some managers from certain chosen sectors. Fourthly it may be noted that the interviews were perhaps not conducted in a systematic manner with the same set of questions asked to each respondent. Rather different respondents seem to give opinions from various angles and the reader has little idea about what questions were asked. Fifthly, a chance of bias arises owing to the purposive sampling method. The researchers seem to have obtained a sample in order to prove their predetermined notion. My experience in Saudi Arabia shows that the country’s domestic businesses are not concerned or affected by the global standards of CSR management. Rather they give most stress on the local society and look into their interests first. The company where I worked did provide goods at low cost/ discounts to the local buyers and absorbed local people as their employees especially for the low skilled positions. Saudi Arabia has thus escaped the influence of international standards of CSR, which might not be feasible

Marketing strategies Essay Example for Free

Marketing strategies Essay Types of strategies Marketing strategies may differ depending on the unique situation of the individual business. However there are a number of ways of categorizing some generic strategies. A brief description of the most common categorizing schemes is presented below: Strategies based on market dominance In this scheme, firms are classified based on their market share or dominance of an industry. Typically there are four types of market dominance strategies: Leader Challenger Follower Nicher According to Shaw, Eric (2012). Marketing Strategy: From the Origin of the Concept to the Development of a Conceptual Framework. Journal of Historical Research in Marketing., there is a framework for marketing strategies. Market introduction strategies At introduction, the marketing strategist has two principle strategies to choose from: penetration or niche (47). Market growth strategies  In the early growth stage, the marketing manager may choose from two additional strategic alternatives: segment expansion (Smith, Ansoff) or brand expansion (Borden, Ansoff, Kerin and Peterson, 1978) (48). Market maturity strategies In maturity, sales growth slows, stabilizes and starts to decline. In early  maturity, it is common to employ a maintenance strategy (BCG), where the firm maintains or holds a stable marketing mix (48). Market decline strategies At some point the decline in sales approaches and then begins to exceed costs. And not just accounting costs, there are hidden costs as well; as Kotler (1965, p. 109) observed: No financial accounting can adequately convey all the hidden costs. At some point, with declining sales and rising costs, a harvesting strategy becomes unprofitable and a divesting strategy necessary (49). Early marketing strategy concepts were: Borden’s â€Å"marketing mix†Ã‚  In his classic Harvard Business Review (HBR) article of the marketing mix, Borden (1964) credits James Culliton in 1948 with describing the marketing executive as a decider and a mixer of ingredients. This led Borden, in the early 1950s, to the insight that what this mixer of ingredients was deciding upon was a marketing mix' (34). Smith’s â€Å"differentiation and segmentation strategies† In product differentiation, according to Smith (1956, p. 5), a firm tries bending the will of demand to the will of supply. That is, distinguishing or differentiating some aspect(s) of its marketing mix from those of competitors, in a mass market or large segment, where customer preferences are relatively homogeneous (or heterogeneity is ignored, Hunt, 2011, p. 80), in an attempt to shift its aggregate demand curve to the left (greater quantity sold for a given price) and make it more inelastic (less amenable to substitutes). With segmentation, a firm recognizes that it faces multiple demand curves, because customer preferences are heterogeneous, and focuses on serving one or more specific target segments within the overall market (35). Dean’s â€Å"skimming and penetration strategies† With skimming, a firm introduces a product with a high price and after milking the least price sensitive segment, gradually reduces price, in a stepwise fashion, tapping effective demand at each price level. With penetration pricing a firm continues its initial low price from introduction  to rapidly capture sales and market share, but with lower profit margins than skimming (37). Forrester’s â€Å"product life cycle (PLC)† The PLC does not offer marketing strategies, per se; rather it provides an overarching framework from which to choose among various strategic alternatives (38). There are also corporate strategy concepts like: Andrews’ â€Å"SWOT analysis† Although widely used in marketing strategy, SWOT (also known as TOWS) Analysis originated in corporate strategy. The SWOT concept, if not the acronym, is the work of Kenneth R. Andrews who is credited with writing the text portion of the classic: Business Policy: Text and Cases (Learned et al., 1965) (41). Ansoff’s â€Å"growth strategies† The most well-known, and least often attributed, aspect of Igor Ansoff’s Growth Strategies in the marketing literature is the term product-market. The product-market concept results from Ansoff juxtaposing new and existing products with new and existing markets in a two by two matrix (41-42). Porter’s â€Å"generic strategies† Porter generic strategies strategy on the dimensions of strategic scope and strategic strength. Strategic scope refers to the market penetration while strategic strength refers to the firm’s sustainable competitive advantage. The generic strategy framework (porter 1984) comprises two alternatives each with two alternative scopes. These are Differentiation and low-cost leadership each with a dimension of Focus-broad or narrow. ** Product differentiation ** Cost leadership ** Market segmentation * Innovation strategies — This deals with the firms rate of the new product development and business model innovation. It asks whether the company is on the cutting edge of technology and business innovation. There are three types: ** Pioneers ** Close followers ** Late followers * Growth strategies — In this scheme we ask the question, â€Å"How should the firm grow?†. There are a number of different ways of answering that question, but the most common gives four answers: Horizontal integration Vertical integration Diversification Intensification These ways of growth are termed as organic growth. Horizontal growth is whereby a firm grows towards acquiring other businesses that are in the same line of business for example a clothing retail outlet acquiring a food outlet. The two are in the retail establishments and their integration lead to expansion. Vertical integration can be forward or backward. Forward integration is whereby a firm grows towards its customers for example a food manufacturing firm acquiring a food outlet. Backward integration is whereby a firm grows towards its source of supply for example a food outlet acquiring a food manufacturing outlet. A more detailed scheme uses the categoriesMiles, Raymond (2003). Organizational Strategy, Structure, and Process. Stanford: Stanford University Press. ISBN 0-8047-4840-3.: Prospector Analyzer Defender Reactor Marketing warfare strategies This scheme draws parallels between marketing strategies and military strategies. BCG’s â€Å"growth-share portfolio matrix† Based on his work with experience curves (that also provides the rationale for Porter’s low cost leadership strategy), the growth-share matrix was originally created by Bruce D. Henderson, CEO of the Boston Consulting Group (BCG) in 1968 (according to BCG history). Throughout the 1970s, Henderson expanded upon the concept in a series of short (one to three page) articles in the BCG newsletter titled Perspectives (Henderson, 1970, 1972, 1973, 1976a, b). Tremendously popular among large multi-product firms, the BCG portfolio matrix was popularized in the marketing literature by Day (1977) (45).

Training and Development Paper Essay Example for Free

Training and Development Paper Essay Training and development have become an essential component in the health care industry. â€Å"Well-trained support workers are more likely to provide safe care and increase the confidence of registered staff to delegate tasks.† (â€Å"Better care through better training-evaluation of an HCA development programme,† 2012, p. 35). The overall quality and quantity of training and development received by employees determines the success of an organization. It an important for organizations to assess why training and education are important. It is also vital that organizations measure the competencies within the organization. Once training and education programs have been put in place, the organization should create a system for tracking and evaluating the effectiveness of the training. According to Gomez-Mejia, Balkin, and Cardy (2010), â€Å"Training typically focuses on providing employees with specific skills or helping them correct deficiencies in their performance.† Training is used by organizations as a means to immediately enhance an individual employee’s skill deficiency for their present job. Typically, training occurs in three stages. These stages are needs assessment, development and conduct, and evaluation. (Gomez-Mejia, Balkin, Cardy, p. 246, 2010). In the needs assessment phase, organizations determine if training is needed. If training is needed, the organization will develop training program that addresses the organization, tasks and personal needs of the company and the workers directly involved in training. Once it has been determined that training is needed, the development and conducting phase will be used to determine what approach will be used. These approaches include the location, presentation and types of training to be used. The locations of training vary depending on the job, but may include on the job training, apprenticeships and internships. The presentation of the training may be conducted using technology based examples, such as computers or human to human interaction through stimulation and role play. The types of training also vary and may include team training or cross functional training. The evaluation phase is the final phase in the training process. During this phase, organizations determine if the training was necessary and effective. The organizations often look at the financial impact of the training and the overall productivity of the workers trained. There are several ways that organizations can evaluate and track the  effectiveness of training. One of these ways is by testing employees about job specific tasks. This can include direct and indirect forms of testing that might include written test or general questions being asked while employees are performing tasks. In the healthcare industry, it is essential that an organization measure each employee’s level of competency. By doing so, the organization is made aware of what type of work the employee is capable of producing. This allows employers the opportunity to assess if certain individuals are able to effectively do their jobs. This is important for organizations to do because many organizations and employees are given a realistic expectation of what can and cannot be accomplished based on the resources of the employee. New technological advancements in healthcare are often evolving. For this reason, constant training and education is needed for healthcare employees. Healthcare organizations must develop ways to measure the competency of all their workers. It is also important the training programs be developed that effectively and efficiently train any employee who is lacking proper job skills. By putting these efforts in place, organizations increase the overall productivity of their workers. References Better care through better training-evaluation of an HCA development programme. (2012, January). British Journal of Healthcare Assistants, 6(1), 35-38. CINAHL Plus with Full Text. Gomez-Mejia, L., Balkin, D., Cardy, R. (2010). Managing human resources (6th ed.). Retrieved from The University of Phoenix eBook Colllection database.

Glaxosmithkline Marketing Analysis

Glaxosmithkline Marketing Analysis Jump to: GSK PESTLE | SWOT | Pfizters SWOT | SMART Objectives | Environmental SMART Objectives | Financial SMART Objectives | Strategic Priorities | Marketing Mix GlaxoSmithKline is a UK based pharmaceutical, biological and healthcare company. It is the worlds second largest pharmaceutical company. Glaxo Wellcome, which is formed from the merger of Glaxo Laboratories and Burroughs Wellcome Company, together with the SmithKline Beecham and they have form the GlaxoSmithKline. In the year 2000, GlaxoSmithKline have the name and known as GSK. GSK had employs around 110,000 workers in 117 countries, and is including over 40,000 that participate in sales and marketing. There are few global headquarters which is separated in GSK House in Brebtfort, London, United Kingdom and United States. The London and New York stock exchanges have listed the GSK Company in their list. Some well known brands such as Ribena (beverage), Panadol Zantac (anti-ulcer), Zavirax (anti-viral), (pain relief) and Augmentin (antibiotic) which is selling by them. Mission statement: The GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) global quest is to improve the quality of human life by guiding people to do more, to let them feel better, and also live longer. Besides that, the GSK has to undertake the entrepreneurial spirit of enthusiasm. It is inspired by the constant search for the pursuit of innovation.  GlaxoSmithKline attention to performance also made their complete realization and each and every citizen, as a global leader in world-class and unparalleled passion for the success of awareness contribute to the sense of urgency.  In addition, two have been entered into by the diversity of life and set statements declaration statements. Diversity Statement: GlaxoSmithKline provides an employee with respect and dignity for all working towards the environment diverse workforce.  With different backgrounds, cultures and world views of the labour force to help it understand the different patients, but also the needs of customers.  GlaxoSmithKline in the right positions to ensure that they do the best to provide genuine equality of opportunity best work.  It can monitor and manage the level and then around the world, the report by the UK ethnic and gender diversity on the data, to ensure compliance with the commitment to diversity. Life Statement: GSK committed to the hope that all workers can do their best work.  The way they do, not only to meet the business, but for your own personal needs and need it. That is why they attach so much importance to flexible working.  GlaxoSmithKline is to support flexible working arrangements, as long as it can make a better life for employees, while ensuring that business needs are met.  Flexible work policies, applicable to all staff, and it covers several modes of operation, for example, like home work, part-time jobs, annual hours, but also long-time work.  In addition, the types of flexible working options are particularly attractive to parents and caregivers.  However, the reduction or re-allocation of time or home-working arrangements can also support peoples religious observances.  It is there along with all other interests and responsibilities outside the workplace of the host. GSK Values and Behaviours Health care market in the past decade there is a need to change our business model into a more customer-centric, innovative how we perform as a collective organization, will determine our success.  To the external environment with increasingly complex and effective changes in speed index, GlaxoSmithKline need to establish an internal learning culture by GlaxoSmithKline reflect the values and behaviour. Summary of 2009 financial information As a 2nd largest pharmaceutical company, GSK financial should be doing well in their financial to maintain the images and reputation of the company. Well, to increase its market competitiveness, GSK need to have stable profits to run the research and future development. According to the table above we can understand the financial summary of GSK in year 2005 to year 2009. First we can see that the total revenue in year 2005 to 2009 is performing well. But the total revenue of year 2005 and 2006 is remaining the same while in year 2007 is decreasing and it increase back when year 2008 and 2009 as well. The total revenue amount of year 2005 is  £21660 million and 2006 is  £23225 million. The years 2005 to year 2006 it has 7.23% increase in the company. And by the year 2007 it decrease to amount of  £22716 million, which is reducing about  £509 million, about 2.192% decrease compare to year 2006. In the year 2008 it increases  £1636 million back to amount of  £24352 million, which the percentage is 7.202%. And in between year 2008 to 2009 it increase  £4016 million to amount of  £28368 million which the percentage is 16.491%. PESTLE Technological advancements, tighter regulatory-compliance overheads, rafts of patent expiries and volatile investor confidence have made the modern pharmaceutical industry an increasingly tough and competitive environment. Below is an analysis of the structure of the pharmaceutical industry using the PESTLE which mean political, economic, social and technological, and legal environment. (P)olitical: Over the years, the industry has witnessed increased political attention due to the increased the recognition of the economic importance of healthcare as a component of social welfare. Political interest has also been generated because of the increasing social and financial burden of healthcare. Examples are the UKs National Health Service debate and Medicare in the US. (E)conomic: In the decade to 2003 the pharmaceutical industry witnessed high value mergers and acquisitions 7 with a projected stock value growth rate of 10.5% (2003-2010) and Health Care. Growth rate of 12.5% (2003-2010), the audited value of the global pharmaceutical market is estimated to reach a huge 500 billion dollars by 2004. Only information technology has a higher expected growth rate of 12.6%. Majority of pharmaceutical sales originate in the US, EU and Japanese markets. Nine geographic markets account for over 80% of global pharmaceutical sales these are, US, Japan, France, Germany, UK, Italy, Canada, Brazil and Spain. Of these markets, the US is the fastest growing market and since 1995 it has accounted for close to 60% of global sales. In 2000 alone the US market grew by 16% to $133 billion dollars making it a key strategic market for pharmaceuticals. (S)ocial: Good health is an important personal and social requirement and the unique role pharmaceutical firms play in meeting societys need for popular wellbeing cannot be underestimated. In recent times, the impact of various global epidemics likes SARS, AIDS etc has also attracted popular and media attention to the industry. The effect of the intense media and political attention has resulted in increasing industry efforts to create and maintain good government-industry-society communications. (T)echnological: A modern scientific and technological advance in science is forcing industry players to adapt ever faster to the evolving environments in which they participate. Scientific advancements have also increased the need for increased spending on research and development in order to encourage innovation. (L)egal Environment: Pharmaceutical industry is a highly regulated industry and compliance enforcement. Therefore there are a huge laws, regulations and compliance with the industry indirectly absorbed.  This tends to limit its activity, and in recent years, the Government has begun to require regulation of the industry cost of the proposal, in order to avoid obstacles, embedded in the external market, global challenges, in the face of innovation. Market share Direct Competitor Comparison Competitor situation One of the main competitors of GSK is Pfizer. Pfizer Inc. is a U.S. listed global biopharmaceutical company.  Founded in 1849, the company is headquartered in New York City, in Groton research, based in Connecticut.  It is engaged in the discovery, development, manufacturing, and global human and animal prescription drug market, currently sells the second-largest pharmaceutical company. Its main products include devices for blood, high blood pressure and cardiovascular events Caduet Pfizers Lipitor cholesterol levels.  Pfizer and its subsidiaries employ approximately 116,500 people worldwide.  The company is among the world top 500, ranking No. 40 in 2010, and the most recent dollar price of 68.0bn acquisition of Wyeth Pharmaceuticals Company. In 2009, Pfizer reported revenues of 50.0bn and an  operating profit  of  £12.1bn and  £7.8bn was invested in RD. GlaxoSmithKline SWOT (S)trengths Reputation management   large market share   large highly skilled work force     Globally positioned   2nd largest in the pharmaceutical industry (W)eaknesses No online presence Inconsistency of attractive promotions High dependency on only several products Strong focus on UK market (O)pportunities New drug development Organic growth Licensing (T)hreats Rising drug cost Drug side effect competition SWOT stands for strength, weakness, opportunity and threats The rationale for conducting a SWOT analysis before proceeding to the development of the strategic plan is to know whether the organizations plan is a good fit for its internal and external situation or not. An organizations internal situation is defined by its strengths and weaknesses. An organizations external situation is defined by its opportunities and threats that exist in the business environment Pfizer SWOT analysis (S)trengths Strong sales and marketing infrastructure Strong RD departments Marketing strength in major geographical and therapeutic areas (W)eaknesses Very limited penetration of biologics market Discontinuation of products in the latter stages of development Co-marketing agreements can limit Pfizers global presence (O)pportunities Funding available to facilitate product Biologic market expansion Emergence of integrated global markets and globalisation for new products Strengths, providing Pfizer with strong products and therefore revenue growth (T)hreats which is Lipitor, due to lose patent exclusivity in 2011 Further large scale MA activity could further decline Pfizers profitability An increase in the number of safety issues surrounding Viagra Economic downturn influencing consumers purchasing power For the price of the microprocessor produce by Intel and AMD, the difference of the performance actually not very big there is just a small different of the performance, but AMD able to sell their product with a cheapest price compare to Intel but at the same AMD having a very big problem which is their product quality is not that stable, it might not be long lasting compare to Intel and Intel having a partnership with Microsoft company and this is another advantage that the buyers of Intel processor would not need to purchase operating system for their computer compare to AMD which the buyers need to purchase another operating system from Microsoft or Mac by themselves. The opportunities of Intel actually is the dominance of the market share in the market, they having a lots of different customer around the world unlike AMD which only having a little section of the market share while they lost a little of the customer will having a difficulty of the company operating due to the lack of financial power, but at the same time AMD having a growth on the market share and they might grab some of the market share due to the unstable demand of the market towards microprocessor and while they grab the market share will lead to the loss of Intel market share in microprocessor market. Smart objectives Objective for branding and promotional Specific Increase more healthy drinks like Horlicks and Ribena that has no artificial colour, flavour and sweetener Having more outlet to sell the healthy product in hypermarket Create more advertisement about GSK healthy drinks product Measurable sells more than 120 million bottles of drinks each year by the year 2013, become one of the largest healthy drinks company in market Achievable Services developed and developing countries to improve peoples quality of life enabling people to do more to improve the quality of life of people Realistic provide the good service and the high quality of product increase public trust and to let consumers feel that it is worth and they are willing to buy the product Timely In 3 years time, recognize by community as providing the healthy product company Environmental Objective for growth Specific Become the environmental friendly company Have more advertisement about recycle and educate the consumer and make resources available for them. Measurable Having 0% of industrial waste Producing 100% recycle product from company Achievable Let public and user know more about recycle product Research and develop more recycle and reuse product Realistic Become one of the best and largest product recycle company in the world Timely In year 2012, company are fully environmental friendly Financial Specific Increase and improve the sales in UK Having an improvement in total revenue and profit of the company Measurable Increase 5% of sales compare to the previous year Achievable Producing new product to influence and increase the purchasing of consumers of our product Realistic Facing so many competitors, product packaging and convenient of having the product, good services should be there to attract customers. So, an increment of 5% in revenue should not be a problem. Timely In year 2012, increase the sales and revenue by 5% and remain increase 5% year by year. GSK is focused on delivering three strategic priorities to transform into a company that delivers more growth that has less risk and an improved long-term financial performance. To be a successful and sustainable business, GSK also fulfils the social responsibilities. By doing this GSK is seen like more responsive, more flexible and more open. Three Strategic priorities The first priority of GSK is growing a diversified global business. GSK diversifying its business to create a balanced product portfolio, in the same time move away from reliance on traditional like white pill or western markets. Besides that, GSK also investing in key growth areas such as Emerging Markets, Japan, Vaccines and the Consumer Healthcare business. Next, the second priority is delivering more products of value. It aims to sustain in an industry leading pipeline of products, this is to ensuring that they demonstrate value for healthcare providers. The RD strategy is built around to focusing on the best science which diversifying through externalisation of research and also improving the returns on investment. The last priority is simplifying the operating model. GSK is a large and complex organisation which is transforming the operating model to reduce the complexities, to improve efficiency and also reducing the costs. The marketing mix strategy which need 4P (Product, Price, Place, Promotion) to make the market decision, actually is the best strategy to be used on the company in the industry. Marketing Mix Product Horlicks is considered one of GSKs main brands in the health food segment. Due to slow profit made in health products of Horlicks, the company has come up with strategies to push the flagship of the brand. Horlicks has previously target old people as a nourishment health drink for, but now they are re-launching its brand and targeting children in the market. GSK is expecting Horlicks to have an increase in turnover of health food sector. Horlicks has relaunched new products that are now available in the market such as Chocolate, Creamy Vanilla and Honey Buzz varieties in package that not only tickles the taste bud of children but also providing nutrients for the health and growth of children such as Vitamin A, Proteins, Carbohydrate and so on. A fresh new image for  Horlicks Price Horlick has white and brown drinks, where the white drink is for entire family and the brown drink focuses on children. White drink has a faster growth rate and this has added the benefits of enhancing the healthy image of Horlicks. This does not mean the target market of children has left unattended. Horlicks now positioned as a nourishment drink targeting children of age group between 8-14. Children nowadays have huge influence on things that family members buy, and therefore Horlicks prefer children to purchase their health drinks. Horlicks has also come up with products that that target kids between one and three. Place In UK, Horlicks already is a very famous product which able to found in every hypermarket, mini market in UK. Other than that, it also can be found in all the convenience stores. Besides that, the main wholesalers distribute products, so small shops within easy reach of local grain through the cash and carry. Promotion In order to increase consumer awareness of the brand of Horlicks, GSK can promote the product through TV advertisement, radio advertisement. Besides that, it also can advertise in the cinema before a movie or having a banner on the internet. On the other hand, we can also having free gift of Horlicks product by giving through the radio when the audience answer one question about Horlicks.

Vietnam War :: essays research papers

Vietnam was a small Asian country, 9000 miles away from the United States. Yet America felt that its national interest was threatened strongly enough to fight a war there. The explanation for this lies in the fear caused by the spread of communism at that time. The role of communism was extremely important in this conflict. You see, the US had to enter the war to stop the spread of communism in Asia since North Vietnam was communist. If North Vietnam was to succeed in converting Vietnam into a communist country , it could become very powerful and go on to persuade other countries to become communist. The US believed that Vietnam could become powerful, and it was willing to go through anything to stop that, including sending millions of US troops to Vietnam and watching them die live on TV, and this greatly effected the American culture and society. The Vietnam war. It changed the lives of many people, and in many unfortunate cases eliminated those of others. "By the end of 1965, 184,314 troops were in Vietnam" (Internet), sacrificing their future, their lives. "Within a year, the number had grown to 385,000"(Internet). For those back in America, the hardship was felt as their sons died overseas. imagine waking up one morning and turning the local news of and seeing your son's face on the TV screen as one of the few hundred who died just last night. It was horrifying . All this effected American society greatly. Moms were losing sons, sisters were losing brothers, and children were losing dads. The Vietnam war had a harsh outcome. "More than 47,000Americans were killed in action,11,000 died of other causes, and 303,000 were wounded"(Internet). As more and more Americans continued to leave for Southeast Asia, the American people responded with disillusionment and it caused the American society to lose faith in the government ,as a series of powerful protests took place across the nation.Opposition to the Vietnam war in the United States developed immediately after the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution. Early protests were organized around questions about the morality of Us Military involvement in Vietnam. As each key event of the war occurred, the antiwar sentiment steadily rose. "Students and professors began to organize "teach-ins" on the war in early 1965 at the university of Michigan, University of Wisconsin, and the University of California at Berkeley"(Encarta). eventually, virtually no college or university was without an organized student movement.

Background Information on the Hospitality Industry :: Food and Hospitality Industry Essays

Background Information on the Hospitality Industry The Food and Hospitality Industry has become one of the biggest employers in our state. It now has attained a much higher status in society and demands high standards of work from its employees. Employment opportunities are many, but eagerly sought by a vast majority of people. For this reason as in any other established business, interviews are conducted. Through these interviews, the interviewer looks for personal qualities and interpersonal skills in a prospective employee to fulfill the job requirements. One of the most important things that an employer looks for are personal qualities. These consist of: a keen attitude, a friendly disposition, neat appearance, a willingness to work, confidence, cleanliness, personal hygiene, deportment (efficient) and honesty, among the many others. Interpersonal skills basically include the ability to interact with people and using initiative to deal with problems which may arise if the customer is not satisfied. If interpersonal and personal skills are exercised then they will greatly contribute to a happy and successfully working environment. This can be accomplished by remembering to keep in mind the fundamental aspect of any catering establishment which is to "Always acknowledge that the customers are the most important people in the business, and nothing is more important than serving them." - An introduction to catering. Due to the fact that a large amount of job satisfaction can be found in the food and hospitality industry, jobs are very often sought after. Many who wish to enter the industry usually do so by gaining a apprenticeship . Apprenticeships in the hospitality industry usually last between 2.5 years to 4 years. These apprenticeships mainly consist of ‘on the job training’, combined with full time practical work experience, along with future training at TAFE. Apprenticeships are usually categorized into : bread making and baking, butchering and small goods making, cooking , pastry cooking and waiting. To gain a apprenticeship today in South Australia a person needs to be at least 15 years old. Also the applicant is required to have at least reached year 10, and to have a good grounding in basic mathematics. Apprenticeships are administered by the state government and before applying for one it is recommended that one registers their interest with a job centre. When a employer takes on a apprentice, there is a probationary period of three months before the contract is signed, this ensures that the employer will permit the apprentice to take time off to attend classes. Many people belief that apprenticeships and traineeships are the same, however the two do differ some what, for example: The Federal Government have administed traineeships, which last for a minimum of a year, and consists of 13

Ligation of EGFP into pET41a(+) vector transformed into E. coli cells :: PCR amplification of extracted DNA plasmid

Ligation of EGFP into pET41a(+) vector transformed into E. coli cells followed by PCR amplification of extracted DNA plasmid for success evaluation along with gel electrophoresis at each step. Introduction Enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) was originally isolated from a bioluminescent jellyfish called Aequorea victoria. As suggested by the name, this protein fluoresces green when exposed to light in the ultraviolet range. The ultimate goal of the following experiment was to successfully create a pET41a(+)/EGFP recombinant plasmid that was transformed into live E. coli cells. The success of this transformation could be evaluated based on whether EGFP’s fluorescence properties were displayed by the colony in question. The protein’s fluorescence properties â€Å"triggered the widespread and growing use of GFP as a reporter for gene expression and protein localization in a broad variety of organisms† (Ormo, et. al., 1996). Although EGFP and GFP differ for a few amino acids that make EGFP’s fluorescence mildly stronger, the basic principle that such a protein allows for the evaluation of transformation success remains intact. The first step of the experiment was ligation, and the objective was to insert EGFP cDNA into a restriction cut pET41a(+) vector to obtain a recombinant plasmid that would express green fluorescent gene. pET41a(+) was the choice of vector to ligate the EGFP into. Its structural design and genomic sequential properties render it especially well-suited for cloning and high-level expression of peptide sequences. This 5933 bp circular vector contains a built in sequence for Kanamayacin resistance gene. â€Å"Rooting of non-transgenic shoots was completely inhibited in all culture media containing kanamycin† (Montserrat, et. al., 2001). This allowed the growth of recombinant and non-recombinant colonies of E. coli, all of which contained the vector insert. Once the recombinant plasmid was obtained, it was then inserted into E. coli cells through transformation. From a successful transformation, we expected the bacterial cells to translate the inserted EGFP sequence into its protein form. The bacteria cultures were plated on petri dishes containing growth supplement, Luria Broth (LB), an antibiotic: Kanamycin, and IPTG which induced the fluorescence property within successfully transformed bacterial colonies. Different variants of the petri dishes were also included as control and unknown. The miniprep consisted of isolating the DNA plasmid from the bacterial cells. This was used to identify the success of EGFP ligation into pET41a(+) vector upon restriction digest and gel electrophoresis. Additionally, Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was run on the isolated DNA plasmids with one of the primers specifically annealing to a part of pET41a(+) sequence and the other annealing to the EGFP gene.

Education and its effect on Life

Geting instruction is one of the most critical facets of a individuals life. It should be seen every bit critical as the air we breathe. The root to keeping a strong wisdom and being an extraordinary individual is larning. â€Å" Without instruction, you ‘re non traveling anyplace in this universe † is a celebrated quotation mark by Malcolm X. His quotation mark reiterates that the competitory universe makes it indispensable for us to hold a proper instruction since it will function as our arm to suppress the universe. Education will assist a individual grow as an person because a extremely knowing individual will hold a better clasp on managing any job that comes his or her manner. Literacy is the foundation of what we are as persons. Every determination we make, every bit good as our idea procedure, is the footing of what we know. Deriving cognition gives us pleasance every bit good as encouragements our morale. Education should be portion of everyone ‘s life bec ause it is one of the most cherished ownerships a individual could of all time hold since that can open doors and ease the tract for future accomplishment and economic successes. However, many Americans are faced with many hurdlings along the manner that they need to get the better of. One of the hurdlings that we encounter with instruction is the manner school is perceived by people. Americans have lost their desire to larn ; really frequently we hear phrases like, â€Å" school is tiring † or â€Å" school is a batch of work, † among pupils. Children in school today would much prefer to be someplace else. These pupils would instead be out with their friends or cavort around their place or anyplace but be in school. Now, when in school, they fail to retrieve the chief ground why they are at that place. Thus, many pupils avoid school and sometimes do non trouble oneself to demo up at all. Harmonizing to the U. S. Department of Education National Center for Education Statistics, for every twenty nine seconds, another pupil bails out on school. This comes to over one million American high school pupils ‘ retreating from school every twelvemonth. The deficiency of motive and household values, every bit good as pupil duty, has created this crisis in the instruction system. In add-on, deficient support of schools along with quality instructors that are retiring are some of the jobs we encounter in the instruction system. In some parts of the United States, there is a deficiency of equal entree to stuffs for reading and composing due to budget restraints. In Allen D. Kanner ‘s article, â€Å" Today ‘s Class Brought to You ByaˆÂ ¦ † he mentioned that with the babe boomers retiring, and a high turnover among new pedagogues, who are ordered to give direction on topics they are non decently trained for, are doing hard schoolroom state of affairss ( 280 ) . Similarly, Governor Jerry Brown ‘s statement last January 11 pointed out that K-12 instruction has ‘borne the brunt ‘ of the province ‘s budget cuts with more than $ 18 billion in cuts over the last three old ages. This resulted in larger category sizes, plans are cut, and over 30,000 pedagogues were laid away. These pedagogues are genuinely valuable to our c ommunity since they supply our kids with the information and the know-how that they can work with to better their fate and the fate of the whole existence. As a pupil, I have suffered the effects of ternary digit fee additions and the deficiency of available categories offered. The high cost of instruction has put the load non merely on the pupils, and many of their parents, but pedagogues, every bit good. Another major determiner that is partially responsible to the rational problems of Americans is poorness. Poverty is considered to be a serious at-risk factor, with more of the state ‘s kids confronting this quandary. Other determiners that may set these juvenile at-risk are unreliable vicinities, immature nonreader parents, unemployment along with deficient educational background. The phrase, â€Å" at-risk, † describes those kids, who are without a uncertainty, will neglect whether at school or life as a whole when sing their single state of affairss. In my experience while turning up, I noticed that pupils, who passed the fifth class and discontinue school to back up their household financially, are making a big uneducated labour force. Unfortunately, hapless households are more concerned with the basic necessities in life such as money and nutrient, instead than books to assist their head grow. Without money and resources needed, kids will go on to turn up to go anot her statistic of poorness. However, the fluctuation in the quality of instruction should non be dependent upon the wealth or deficiency thereof. Helping those destitute pupils will raise the degree of instruction available to them which in bend will let them to acquire a better paying occupation to better back up their households. On the other manus, it could be argued that Americans are non in serious rational problem because of the impact that engineering is making in our instruction system. If we take a expression at the history of instruction for the past 1000s of old ages, we may merely conceive of how personal computing machines could hold impacted the educational system. When proficient cognition and right acquisition constructions are combined, proficient cognition will construct up their scholastic accomplishment. One manner that proficient cognition can assist pupils larn is by maintaining more pupils interested in the capable affair for longer periods of clip. Teenss and their parents believe that entree to the Internet improves the societal life and academic work of adolescents. For them, the usage of the Internet, for case, plays a cardinal function in their bonding with their friends, their households and their schools. Many younger people today are hooked to computing machines and advanced engin eering. This captivation may maintain them at a computing machine terminus larning about some topic instead than staying interested in a book or a talk. Technology in the instruction system has shaped the pupils and pedagogues in several practical techniques, among other things ocular field trips, proving tips, teacher resources, category web sites, and lesson programs. Adoption of engineering in schoolrooms should be foreseen as an plus instead than as a liability. Furthermore, state-of-the-art engineering must be available at schools in destitute vicinities since engineering can assist better their instruction system. Therefore, the significance of larning should ne'er be taken for granted. For illustration, an attention-getting definition of instruction in Wikipedia provinces, â€Å" Education encompasses both the instruction and acquisition of cognition, proper behavior, and proficient competence. † The higher the instruction a individual has, the greater opportunities of that individual set downing a better-paying occupation. With instruction, a individual can hold a successful life. It can supply people with information and cognition for acquiring a occupation and pursing their dreams. â€Å" Knowledge is power † says the famed painter Francis Bacon. Although, knowledge entirely is non plenty for person to win in life ; a individual should besides hold the accomplishments to be a leader, to be extremely educated and ne'er leave at the sight of a job. Educated people are looked upon for counsel. Education is besides your manner to your success. An ideal instruction will non be pos sible if one of these three constituents is losing ; they are: parents, pedagogues and pupils. The pupil, the parent, and the pedagogue should ever cabal to develop and set up a unflawed academic program. I genuinely believe that my success is dependent on the picks that I make in life and the people that influence me turning up.

Discussion Case: Mountain Bank

At first glance, one would wonder why Mountain bank currently has fifty percent of Retail accounts within the market which are the less profitable accounts in the banking industry. Secondly one would also ask or wonder why Mountain Bank has less than 10 percent of the most profitable accounts in the market, corporate accounts. To achieve a competitive advantage Mountain Bank should implement the cost leadership strategy and the differentiation strategy. Currently Mountain Bank has a strong presence in the Retail Banking line which has proven to be the least profitable line in the industry. Their goal short term goal need to be to own a stronger presence within the more stable and profitable lines, Real Estate and Mortgage and Corporate banking. With the recent mergers and acquisitions, Mountain Bank may have the opportunity to expand and develop efficient methods that will enable them to sell its products and services at a lower price than its competitors. The decrease in the cost of its products and services will attract new customers and retain existing customers. By lowering the interest rates and cost of its products and services to a rate that smaller banks would not be able to compete with, Mountain Bank will gain the leadership of cost within the industry. The success of weeding out the competition will allow Mountain Bank to achieve its goal of obtaining a stronger presence of the most stable and profitable lines within the industry, Real Estate and Mortgage and Corporate accounts. Currently Mountain Bank provides the same four lines of banking (retail, consumer lending, real estate and mortgage and corporate banking), products and services as other banks in the industry. Differentiating its brand would allow Mountain Bank to gain a competitive advantage above its competitors. Mountain Bank would need to offer to its customer’s different and unique products and services that are not offered by its competition. This plan should restrict competitors from entering their market, or make it difficult for them to compete with them head on. The differentiation strategy may include implementing mergers with some larger corporations to obtain exclusive contract to do business with that business. The contract could encompass corporate accounts where Mountain Bank would be the sole provider of the company’s accounts for some of their benefits packages. Based on the universalistic approach and commitment strategy, what types of practices should a human resource professional recommend for Mountain Bank with respect to its tellers? The tellers are the key to the success at Mountain Bank. It is important that Mountain Bank’s human resource team focus on empowering the workers and build a stronger sense of loyalty and commitment within the tellers. Because the tellers are expected to complete some of the task as customer service it is imperative that hr encompass extensive recruiting and training within their hiring process. The tellers should have more involvement with the communication with management. Tellers should be encouraged to make suggestions about their daily responsibilities, customer service, daily goals, quotas, sales projections etc. Training programs should readily be available for those who show that they are able to handle more responsibilities. Of course compensation and appraisal systems should be measured and rewarded to those who use the training effectively on the job. These practices would foster a strong sense of cooperation between management and the tellers. Discuss the four human resource strategies (internal/cost, external cost, internal/differentiation and external/differentiation) that may be implemented within an organization. The Internal/Cost strategy combines the theories of the cost leadership strategy and emphasize on employing individuals with a long term goal of employment with the focus of reducing cost. The employer focuses on satisfying the needs of the employees while the employees work complete their various task in a manner in which to reduce cost for the employer. This is a win-win situation in which employees and employer are both satisfied. Employee satisfaction in turn reduces the likelihood of employee turnover. Mountain Bank would need to implement this strategy to ensure that not only its employees but its frontline employees, the tellers, are satisfied with their job. If they are satisfied then they have a higher chance of building a stronger bond becoming loyal longtime employees which reduces the cost to Mountain Bank in the long run. The Internal Differentiation strategy focuses on hiring and retaining long term employees that specialize in performing certain task with a combination of differentiation. This strategy emphasizes the importance of the employees. It values the employees and provides training to enhance their career within the company. This strategy compensates the employees with high wages/salaries and good benefits packages for their hard work and dedication for the company. These employees are known as the experts within the field. The External Cost strategy also known as the bargain labor strategy focuses on hiring employees with a short term goal while reducing the cost. This strategy unlike the previous two would not offer many perks to its employees. This strategy does not offer room for advancement within the company, and they do not offer training to empower employees to advance their careers. The pay rate for employees within this strategy is usually hourly wages. Employees are thought of as being easily replaced because they are not valued as much compared to the previous two strategies. This is a strategy that should not have top priority for Mountain Bank to implement. External/Differentiation strategy also focuses on hiring employees with a short term goal of employment combined with the differentiation strategy. These employees have critical skills but do not intend to remain loyal long term employees. Little to no training is provided because they are hired based on the skill set and experience they have to perform and complete a certain job/task. Employees who encourage this strategy have no long term commitments for the employees hired. The only portion of this strategy that Mountain Bank should implement is to hire employees that acquire necessary skill sets and experience to perform the job needed. Recommend a human resource strategy for Mountain Bank with respect to its tellers and support the recommendation. The case states that â€Å"bank tellers are crucial to the success of the Mountain bank because they are often times the only person that a customer may come in contact with while visiting the bank. † (Stewart 2008) The bank tellers at Mountain Bank are entry level employees and they receive a low pay. Within their daily responsibilities they are expected to cross sell and convince customers with retail accounts to open corporate accounts or obtain a mortgage from Mountain Bank. In a since, the tellers are also acting as sales reps for Mountain Bank and are not being compensated for the success if a sale is accomplished. It is stated that the employee turnover at Mountain Bank is quite high which means that the employees have a shorter average tenure than those of other companies in the same industry. Because employee turnover at Mountain Bank is quite high they should consider adopting the Internal/Cost HR Strategy: The Loyal Soldier. This strategy emphasizes hiring and retaining loyal employees who will do whatever the company asks of them. The efforts are made to satisfy the needs of employees and build a strong bond that reduces the likelihood of employee turnover. † (Stewart 2008) HR would be responsible for recruiting candidates and hiring employees (tellers) who fit th e organizational culture. Because the bank tellers complete several task, it is safe to assume that Mountain Bank expects them to do whatever the company asks of them like cross sell to existing customers to increase profits. HR will also be responsible for providing tellers with extensive training in a number of different skills. These skills will be related to the teller daily duties/responsibilities i. e. handle a wide range of banking transactions, such as cashing checks, accepting deposits and loan payments, and processing withdrawals. The tellers should also receive extensive training on customer service and sales representative skills as well because they are expected to cross sell and onvince customers with retail accounts to open corporate accounts or obtain a mortgage from Mountain Bank. The sales training crucial to the tellers because it will ensure (1) that they have accurate product knowledge, (2) they are familiar with the company’s sales procedures and (3) they know how to accurately fill out paperwork regarding the successful sale of the product. This process will help improve sales performance in the corporate accounts which are the most profitable accounts within the Mountain. Alongside finding the â€Å"right† employee, the loyal soldier strategy focuses on long term incentives and benefits for its employees. Because the tellers are paid a low wage they should be offered full time employment after a probation period. They should also be offered a benefits package which should include medical dental and the option to purchase stocks within the company. Performance appraisals/evaluations should determine the level of pay increase. This process will result in a great since of pride for the tellers and a strong bond between the employees and Mountain Bank.

Women Are Still Treated as Second Class Citizens

Plan: For |Against | |Same jobs, paid less |Able to do any jobs, just not cut-throat | |‘Traditional’ |Can do more jobs than before S&S | |Higher jobs dominated by men |Hard for men to be accepted in women’s jobs too | |‘Old boy network’ |Dangers for women | |‘Glass ceiling’ |Religion | |Just want to be taken seriously |Women saved first on crashes etc | |Exam results |Stay-at home dads | |Not stay-at-home-dads as they can earn more money | | The ‘Old boy Network’? Wrong Frequency For Women. Ladies and Gentlemen; I believe that it is time for change. Change not only to the ‘pecking order’ but to opinions as a whole. Read this with an open mind, as I believe that together in unity we can make women’s voices heard over the noises of vacuum cleaners and screaming children. Is there any reason for women to still be treated as second-class citizens here in the UK? Do their fingers really have the magic touch for housework and not hard work? Of course not! Everyone knows that women are perceived in this way because of tradition. A tradition that we cannot will not and should not be part of. Just because women used to have to stay at home and look after children, or men did all of the ‘dangerous jobs’ why should that still be the case? Women have undoubtedly proven themselves just as capable, if not more, than men in most jobs, so why is it still so hard for them to break through that ‘glass ceiling’? Many women will have been in the position where a male colleague earns more than them for doing the exact same job. This is unfair treatment and should not be condoned. A friend of mine called Annabelle is an excellent banker, the best out her level of the company, yet she has been repeatedly rejected from a higher positioned job in the company. Each of these times the positions have been given to a male. A coincidence? I think not. She was more highly qualified than these men, and had worked for the company for longer, so why was she overlooked? Has The ‘Old boy network’ been on the rampage again? Is it because women occupy only 1 in 20 of the ‘top jobs’? Will it really come to her loosing her femininity to get the job she really deserves? Women just want to be taken seriously and to get the respect they deserve, yet is seems that most of the time to reach their goals they have to loose friends, and dress or act like men. Why is it harder for women to gain the respect of men than the other way around? In a recent survey only 3 out of 50 women said that they would be comfortable being in control of an office or group of men, yet 42 out of 50 men said they would be comfortable being in control of women. Others will argue that women are the ones that are too scared to break out of traditional placements. There are no jobs that only men are allowed to do, it is just that many women won’t go into these jobs, as the dangers are too high, or the hours will not let them see their families often enough. Women are not ‘cut-throat’ enough. They do not want to trample on people on the way to the top, as they do not have that sort of mentality. Most men will go to any extremes to secure their ‘dream job’. Women can do many more jobs than even 50 years ago. Their rights have improved tremendously, and now cannot be discriminated against. It is extremely hard for men to be accepted into predominantly woman-dominated jobs. It is not something against women, just something that is to be expected if any sex is going into the ‘other sex’s territory’. For example, male nurses are often abused or made fun of because they are not doctors, and women doctors find it hard to be taken seriously by the male doctors. The dangers of some jobs for many women outweigh anything else. Men have the physiques to estrain, resist and persist against tough weather, or heavy objects, ‘it is a biological fact that women are generally weaker than men. ’ In many of the religions now observed in the UK the women are treated worse than the men, yet this is their choice. If they did not agree with it, the wome n could leave the religion, and be treated as equals in the multi-religion society that is the United Kingdom. There are 20% more ‘stay-at-home-dads’ than 30 years ago. This shows that the women are free to work, and the men can do all of the ‘traditional’ female jobs. Many women are not taken on at the higher jobs because of the worry of maternity leave. The companies employing them must think of the future and the inevitability that at some point most 30-year-old women will want children. Another main point is that women are saved first, along with children, on sinking ships, or crashes. This means that their lives are put above men’s. The fact that men are not generally the parents who stay at home backs up the argument that men will be more likely to be paid more, whether it is due to a higher position, or a wider range of jobs open to them. Girls have been out–shining boys in the public exams for years now, which shows that they are not only qualified to do the same jobs, but in many cases more qualified. If you think of any type of job that both men and women do, and think of the ‘high-flyers’ within those jobs you will certainly think of a man. This needs to change. Women will inevitably keep fighting for their rights; ‘we will not tire, we will not falter and we will not fail’ when it comes to getting what we deserve. Dr. James Macaroni of Oxford University told us that women get more stressed at work due to the pressure and strain of having to constantly work at the same level, whereas men get breaks within their stress when they get promoted. Do we really want to have women constantly put below men? Should women always stay traditional? So, fellow readers, I ask, why not change the pecking order today? Why wait until it is too late?

Ethical Marketing Essay

Ethical marketing refers to the marketing of products and services that adhere to principles of honesty and social responsibility. Generally the projection of beneficial qualities of products and services are used in marketing to appeal to the needs of and wants of customers. (Pride and Ferrell, 2000) The needs of customers however may represent an adherence to certain ethical or social values that go beyond a mere biological need. While ethical marketing does not loose sight of the core value of appealing to the needs of customers, it projects social goods and values like human rights, animal rights, fair trade for developing countries, child labor and the environment as central to its strategy to win customers. The Body Shop for instance is noted for its insistence on not using animals for testing its cosmetic products. (Dennis, Neck, & Goldsby,1998) Thus though legally the use of animals for cosmetic testing is not prohibited, Body Shop seeks to appeal to the conscience of customers and by so doing achieve a customer loyalty base for its products. Another prominent example of the use of ethical marketing is the fair trade logo used to market products that have been sourced from developing countries. (Tiu, Wright, & Heaton, 2006) The issue of fair trade has become a pertinent ethical issue in international trade, thus marketing products with the fair trade logo serves to show the producer’s conscientiousness about helping poor producers in developing countries. Consumers who are eager to help poor farmers in developing countries are even willing to pay a higher price for a product with the fair trade logo. Issues of protection of the environment also play very important roles in ethical marketing. Companies who contribute to forestation projects in places like the Amazon are eager to mention their contribution to such projects when marketing their products.

Food Scarcity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Food Scarcity - Essay Example Hundreds of thousand of families in the Middle East are having a hard time coping with hunger, malnutrition and safety risks because they are forced to increase their spending money on food with high prices. Hence, poor families are further plunged into poverty since they cannot make ends meet. It was also noted that there is a serious humanitarian crisis in the Gaza Strip due to rising food prices, failed crops and market access that is menacing thousands of poor families. Once considered as the â€Å"largest refugee-hosting region in the world (Colin, et al, n.d.),† the Middle East at present regard basic staples like milk or fruit as luxuries. The increases of food prices will continually destabilized the region and make it more vulnerable to current surges of unrests and political conflicts that have been present as long as history can remember. The probable way to solve mass food problem in the Middle East is to develop the agricultural industry and secure sufficient wate r supply by introducing new technology under the support of international organizations and aid.

Unmanned aerial vehicls Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Unmanned aerial vehicls - Essay Example The U.S. military has used UAVs for surveillance and for actual military operations. In 2009, a UAV-controlled missile was successful in neutralizing a Taliban leader. Future plans of the U.S. Air Force include using UAVs and robots in ground assaults or in beach assault situations. UAVs can also perform military tasks like acquiring targets and rescuing soldiers from dangerous situations. Other uses include collecting data from sensors for use in making digital maps, dropping supplies extremely dangerous territory, and assisting with cyberwarfare attacks. Military UAVs are also known as the ‘flying eye’ because they are designed as surveillance system equipped with sensors and computerized components. The flying eye is deployed in the air to conduct surveillance, take pictures and collect information valuable for military or civilian purposes. When the UAV is in the air, it is programmed to fly for a predetermined flight path until it reaches back to the ground or base. Popularity and applications of UAVs UAVs were first popular with the military because they offer greater flexibility and are more advantageous in dangerous environments than manned aircraft. When it comes to technology, UAVs are effective with the newest technology, such as sensors, microprocessors, and propulsion systems, which can endure and are more effective than human pilots. In the military perspective, UAVs have proved effective in military missions and have also been proven successful in dangerous and contaminated environments where it is very dangerous for human-driven aircraft. (Nonami et al. 2010, p. 3) Complicated UAVs designed for military use are expensive and difficult to operate in crowded places. Designers have devised inexpensive UAVs and make it smaller and easy to operate. Micro air vehicles were built lightweight, with a wingspan of just about 15 cm. and weights about half a kilogram. MAVs can perform military tasks what larger ones cannot do. They can fly to clo se terrain or at dense forest environment, and collect data without being detected. MAVs can also be used for atmospheric studies without influencing airflows. MAVs can also perform surveillance missions for the military as they are built like stealth aircraft. (Langelaan & Roy 2009, p. 1642) Japan has the largest number of registered UAVs, particularly unmanned helicopters used in agriculture. In 2002, it exceeded other countries, such as Australia, West Europe and USA, in the number UAVs registered for civil and military use. The low risk and greater success in missions are major motivators for the use of UAVs in military and civil operations. It has been predicted that in the U.S., market for UAV will reach $16 billion, next is Europe which is currently spending approximately $3 billion. In Europe, this has increased slowly. (Nonami et al. 2010, p. 4) UAV components and designs Major components of a UAV include a microcontroller system, a compass, GPS, servo-controlled mechanism, and cameras or sensors. These components vary per different manufacturing specifications. More sophisticated UAVs are created by different manufacturers depending on the purpose for which they are made. There are various AUV designs which are made relative to their purpose; manufacturers provide designs for military surveillance and operations, for civil use and for hobbyists. More designs have been introduced for civil and military purposes. The industry is even made more competitive and vibrant as smaller firms have

Napoleon The Third Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Napoleon The Third - Term Paper Example Any dissenting and uprisings were thoroughly repressed and intimidation tactics were employed in electoral processes. The second Empire was established in November, 1852 with Louis Napoleon becoming Emperor Napoleon III. For the next years, Napoleon III used dictatorial leadership style and encouraged both railway construction and establishment of the first French Investment bank. Napoleon provided better housing and free medical care for workers in order to reduce the tensions among the working class. Napoleon also reconstructed Paris by ensuring new water supply, sewage systems and circular plazas (Spielvogel 666). Napoleon III is considered to have personal power since he asserted that â€Å"nothing could trouble the clear vision of his judgment or the strength of his resolution†. Napoleon foreign policy contributed to the unification of Italy and Germany. Napoleon participated in the Crimean War between 1854 and 1856 and is idea was to free the French from the early ideolo gy that France should not participate in peace arbitration across Europe that had been implemented in 1814 to 1815. Napoleon III undertook an aggressive foreign policy in all major wars and confrontations across the globe. His pursuit for French supremacy in Europe led to success in Crimean war in the 1850s and the ultimate unification of Italy and Germany (Spielvogel 666). In Italy, Napoleon III wanted to prevent Spain and Austria from extending the authority to papal Rome and intervened militarily in order to restore the authority of pope in Rome. The revolutions of 1848 led to nationalism ideas across the Italian Peninsula as Lombardy tried to rise against the influence of Austria dominance in the region. The kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia Prime minister Count Camillo di Cavour secured a diplomatic alliance with Napoleon III in 1859 before the onset of Franco-Austrian War. The Austrian Army was considered a common enemy and was defeated by Piedmont and French forces at Solferino an d Magenta thus surrendering Lombardy. In early 1860, Italian states voted to join the kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia while Nice and Savoy was relinquished to France. By 1862, the Kingdom of Italy was proclaimed with only Venetia and Rome outside the kingdom. Napoleon III was interested in protecting the Papal States and Rome from any Italian occupation, but Prussia declared the Franco-Prussian War (1879-1871). Italians took advantage of the ongoing Franco-Prussian war and invaded the Papal States and Rome and annexed them to the Kingdom of Italy. Finally, the Italian capital became Rome thus symbolizing the final unification of Italy (Spielvogel 668). The outcomes of Prussian war surprised Napoleon, but Napoleon III tried to tighten his ties with anti-Prussian South German states but Germans had become economically advanced and nationalistic. The German revolutionaries of 1848 advocated for national militia and trial by jury. Bismarck advocated for real-politik and allied with Austria in fighting Danes in 1862 in order to protect Holstein which was a member of German Confederation. After the Austro-Prussian War in 1866, Prussia annexed some German states while allowing some Austrian states to maintain a considerable level of independence. In 1867, Bismarck a union of the Northern German states under pretext of Prussia and several German states in the north joined the German Confederat